Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
The identification of the magistracy with the Senate, which had been
practically complete by the close of the third century of the Republic,
was perfected in law by the dictator Sulla. The quaestorship was now
made the stepping-stone to the Senate;[1306] the personal selection by
the censors—which, in the face of unwritten custom, had been growing
weaker year by year—was dispensed with; while their more important
right of rejecting unworthy members could be resorted to only when the
censorship was occasionally galvanised into new life. An automatic mode
of recruiting the order should, if the power and dignity contemplated
by the reactionary legislator were to be secured, have been accompanied
by an equally automatic method of divesting of their rank those who had
proved unworthy of it. But no such system was devised, and the morals
of the Senate were for the first time left to chance, or rather to the
reasonable hope that after the age of thirty-one (the lowest period of
life at which senatorial dignity could be held) the character once formed
would not deteriorate.
A more important factor in the change introduced by the Cornelian
legislation was the permanent increase in the numbers of the Senate.
Doubled by the immediate action of the dictator, the body continued to
maintain its complement of about 600 members; for twenty annual additions
of ex-magistrates of the usual quaestorian age would enable it to retain
this normal level. The large size thus given to the senatorial body is
one of its most surprising features, when we consider the business with
which it had to deal. Secrets that are uttered with bated breath in a
modern cabinet were proclaimed aloud at Rome to an assembly of the size
of a modern parliament. But there were no reports of proceedings for
the eyes or ears of the outside world, and secrecy about reasons for
policy was sometimes only too well kept. Such secrecy was often treated
as suspicious by the professed leaders of the people at the close of the
Republic, and the consciousness of danger felt in the Senate seemed mere
weakness to the mob. The history of the Senate, if it does not show the
futility of secret diplomacy, may yet prove it to be unnecessary that
this diplomacy to be effective should be entrusted to a few.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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