Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
More justifiable than the power which we have just considered was
the police-control which the Senate exercised in Rome. Here, as in
other matters of administration, its attention was confined to great
and exceptional emergencies. In the absence of all facilities for the
expression of public opinion in Rome, except through the medium of a
magistrate, the ancient trade guilds (_collegia artificum_) formed
convenient centres for electioneering in the democratic interest. The
fact that towards the close of the Republic their weight was thrown
into the anti-senatorial scale led the government to regard their
existence as inimical to public order. A decree of the Senate of the
year 64 B.C. summarily dissolved all but the most venerable guilds
which were supposed to derive their origin from Numa;[1353] and this
sudden suppression may be regarded as a last step in a long career of
administrative interference, no record of which has been preserved by
history. Private political clubs, on the other hand, such as were known
by the names of _sodalitates_ and _decuriati_, did not come under the
immediate cognisance of the magistrate; for their coercion the Senate
had to procure the passing of a law.[1354] But minor details connected
with bribery and corruption were within its competence. It infringed the
inviolability of the magistrate’s house by allowing search to be made
there for incriminating proof of corruption, and it directed that whoever
should be guilty of harbouring professional election agents (_divisores_)
at his dwelling should be liable to a vote of censure and possible
prosecution.[1355]
If we now turn from the corrective to the administrative activity of the
Senate, we shall find that this was exhibited chiefly in the departments
of foreign relations, finance, and religion.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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