Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
A certain amount of voting power in the _comitia_ was all that they
possessed. But this voting power, except on certain established
points—the declaration of war and, when the law was observed, criminal
jurisdiction—was very ineffective, for the assembly was wholly dependent
for its summons and expression of opinion on the patrician consuls, and
liable to interruption from the pious scruples of patrician augurs; and
we have already seen how even the choice of magistrates could be hampered
by the formalities which still conditioned the election.[346] But, even
had these adverse circumstances been avoided, the voting power of the
Plebeians was small. The _comitia centuriata_ contained chiefly the
propertied—for the most part the landed—class; and even in this assembly
the two first classes and the knights, which would have consisted mainly
of Patricians, had a majority of votes (118 out of 193). The small
farmers and the artisans commanded but 74 or 75 votes; the great mass of
the Proletariate was either wholly unrepresented or could dispose of but
a single vote. It is important to inquire whether these classes excluded
from the centuries were represented elsewhere, or whether there was an
assembly possessing any real power in which Patricians and Plebeians were
alike represented.
It has been proved beyond a doubt that at some period during the first
three centuries of the Republic Plebeians came to be included in the
_comitia curiata_.[347] The change was the result of two circumstances;
firstly, the perfect equality of private rights between the members
of the two orders—adrogation and adoption, both of which followed the
possession of a _familia_, and in many cases _gentilitas_, being common
to both—which rendered it impossible to draw distinctions amongst the
_curiales_; and secondly, the reactionary influence of the centuriate
assembly, which emphasised the idea that Patricians and Plebeians
together made up the Populus.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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