Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
and the Sabines; but, when victory was assured, the legions were not
disbanded, and a pretext was found for another campaign. On the march
from Rome the plebeian contingents suddenly turned aside to a hill in the
territory of Crustumerium, which, from the oath taken on its summit, was
thenceforth called the “Mount of Curses” (_sacer mons_).[357] A plan,
carefully thought out in the coteries and gatherings that had preceded
the campaign,[358] was now carried into effect. The Plebs had already
gathered in informal meetings (_concilia_) to discuss their grievances.
All that they lacked to become a corporation which might rival that
of the Populus, was to have at their head magistrates with great and
recognised powers. They were now met in battle array to carry out this
resolve; and it was not unnatural that the two plebeian magistrates whom
they chose to rival the power of the consuls should bear the military
appellation of tribunes.[359] It was made a condition of reconciliation
with the patrician state which they had quitted, that these officers
should have the power of suspending the decree of the consuls when
levelled against a member of the Plebs. But, since little confidence was
to be reposed in the government, the Plebs bound themselves by an oath,
similar to that taken on the expulsion of the king, to destroy any one
who offered injury or insult to their magistrates. The recognition of
these new magistrates, with the powers their appointment involved, was
effected by a _lex centuriata_ perhaps passed in the very year of the
secession (494 B.C.). The office of the _tribuni plebis_ or _plebei_
was modelled as closely as possible on that of the consuls. They were
originally two in number, and had, with reference to each other, the
mutual power of veto which the collegiate principle implied. They were
from the first magistrates of the Plebs, hence none but Plebeians were
eligible,[360] and they must from the first have been elected by an
assembly of the Plebs. This assembly, however, did not perpetuate its
original military character, and the unit of voting naturally selected
for the city-gatherings at which the tribunes were appointed was the
_curia_, to which Plebeians had for some time belonged. This assembly of
the Plebs was known as the _concilium plebis curiatim_.[361]
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