Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
In one further and less important respect was this community of the Plebs
modelled on the larger community of the Populus. In the year when the
tribunate was established, the magistrates of the Plebs were given two
assistants,[371] who bore the same relation to them as the two quaestors
did to the consuls. Their functions were as undefined as those of the
quaestors; but, when the powers of the tribunate were slightly better
established, these delegates seem, like their prototypes, to have been
concerned mainly with criminal jurisdiction and finance. They also kept
the archives of the Plebs in the temple of Ceres, and it was thought that
it was from this that their name _aediles_ (possibly not their original
title) was derived.[372] They served the tribunes in the exercise of
their _coercitio_, seizing the offender or inflicting the death penalty.
We find them performing this function in the trial of Coriolanus.[373]
After the tribunes had gained criminal jurisdiction, they assisted them
as delegates.[374] Their original financial functions are somewhat
indefinable; but such functions are suggested by their office at the
temple of Ceres and the archives which they guarded there—functions which
find exact parallels in those of the quaestors at the temple of Saturn.
It may have been one of their duties to exercise some supervision over
the forced labour (_operae_) of the Plebeians, and this may have led to
an early connexion with the repair of roads and buildings. Their police
functions, their supervision of the market, above all their maintenance
of the state religion amongst the masses, can hardly be referred to this
early period.[375]
The aediles may originally have been nominated by their superiors; but
election by the _concilium_ of the Plebs, under the presidency of a
tribune, is the only form of their appointment which is known to us. The
office was legalised with the tribunate, and its holder possessed the
same personal sanctity as the tribune, conferred first by oath and then
by law.[376]
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