[66] Plato, _Phaedo_, p. 97 c. The passage gives the impression of a real reminiscence; at the same time its recognition as such implies that Socrates was not consistent in disregarding all physical speculations. [67] Xen. _Mem._ i 4, 4. [68] _ib._ i 4, 2. [69] _ib._ i 4, 9, and iv 3, 14; Cic. _N. D._ ii 6, 18. [70] _ib._ i 1, 19. [71] _ib._ [72] Plato, _Alc._ ii 143 A. [73] Xen. _Mem._ iii 9, 4 and 5. [74] _ib._ [75] οὐδεὶς ἑκὼν ἁμαρτάνει; see Plato _Prot._ p. 345 D, _Apol._ p. 25, Xen. _Mem._ iv 2, 20. No one is willingly ignorant, and no one does evil for any other reason than that he is ignorant of the good. [76] In accepting generally the statements of Xenophon as to the religious and practical teaching of Socrates I am glad to find myself in agreement with Adam; Gomperz on the other hand is more sceptical. It should however always be realized that Socrates himself veiled his positive opinions under the form of suggestions and working hypotheses or ‘divinations.’ [77] _Mem._ i 1, 1. [78] Grote, _History of Greece_, ch. lxviii. Gomperz gives a very dramatic representation of the attitude of an Athenian of the old school; _Greek Thinkers_, ii pp. 94-97. [79] ‘ex illius [Socratis] variis et diversis et in omnem partem diffusis disputationibus alius aliud apprehenderat’ Cic. _de Orat._ iii 16, 61. [80] παρὰ [Σωκράτους] τὸ καρτερικὸν λαβὼν καὶ τὸ ἀπαθὲς ζηλώσας Diog. L. vi 2. [81] ‘Antisthenes ... populares deos multos, naturalem unum esse dicens’ Cic. _N. D._ i 13, 32. [82] οὐδεὶς [θεὸν] εἰδέναι ἐξ εἰκόνος δύναται Clem. Alex. _Protrept._ p. 46 C. [83] Epict. _Disc._ iii 22, 91. [84] See below, § 303. [85] Gomperz, ii p. 148, referring to Göttling’s book, _Diogenes der Cyniker oder die Philosophie des griechischen Proletariats_ (Halle 1851). [86] ἀρέσκει αὐτοῖς τὸν λογικὸν καὶ τὸν φυσικὸν τόπον περιαιρεῖν Diog. L. vi 103. [87] _ib._ vi 11. [88] See Plato, _Theaet._ 155 E, _Soph._ 251 B; Aristotle, _Met._ vii 3, 7. [89] See below, § 163. [90] See below, §§ 220 and 221. [91] ‘hoc inter nos et illos [Stilbonem etc.] interest; noster sapiens vincit quidem incommodum omne, sed sentit; illorum ne sentit quidem’ Sen. _Ep._ 9, 3. [92] Gomperz, ii p. 196. CHAPTER III. THE ACADEMY AND THE PORCH. [Sidenote: Political changes of the 4th century.]