I. Large Histories. Mommsen: _History of Rome to the Death of Cæsar_, with an additional volume entitled _The Provinces of the Roman Empire_; the whole, in the English translation, is in seven volumes. Heitland: _The Roman Republic_, in three volumes (a recent publication). Gibbon: _The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_, edited by Prof. Bury. II. Smaller histories in one volume. Pelham: _Outlines of Roman History_ (a masterly work). How and Leigh: _A History of Rome to the Death of Cæsar_. Bury: _The Student’s Roman Empire_. There are many school histories, but these are rather fuller and more interesting. III. Books on special subjects of Roman life, etc. Greenidge: _Roman Public Life_, in Macmillan’s Handbooks of Art and Archæology. Warde Fowler: _Social Life at Rome in the Age of Cicero_. _Life of Cicero_, by Strachan-Davidson, and _Life of Cæsar_, by Warde Fowler, both in Putnam’s series of “Heroes of the Nations.” _Cæsar’s Conquest of Gaul_, by T. Rice Holmes. Dill: _Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius_. IV. Ancient authorities in translation. Plutarch’s _Roman Lives_ may be read with advantage in any translation, _e.g._ that of Langhorne. The most valuable lives are those of Cato the Elder, Æmilius Paullus, the two Gracchi, Marius and Sulla, Pompey and Cæsar, Brutus and Antony. There is a translation of the whole _Correspondence of Cicero with his Friends_, by E. S. Shuckburgh, published by Bell & Sons. FOOTNOTES [1]The best known of these, and perhaps the most beautiful, is that of Coriolanus, which has descended from Plutarch to Shakespeare, and so become immortal. [2]The Latin words which expressed these two mutual rights, _commercium_ and _connubium_, are still in use in various forms in the languages of modern Europe. [3]The Latin word is _fauces_, i.e. jaws, etymologically the same word as the _hause_ of our Lakeland, which means a narrow pass. [4]Greenidge, _Roman Public Life_, p. 105. [5]With the exception of the southern Samnites, who joined Hannibal after Cannæ. [6]This was Fabius Maximus, who has given his name to the familiar phrase, “Fabian tactics.” [7]Seeley’s _Life of Stein_, II. 422. [8]Plutarch’s _Lives of Cato the Elder and Æmilius Paullus_, which can be read in a translation, will give examples of this better type of education. [9]In Plutarch’s _Life_ of him, especially chaps, v. and vi., where Plutarch is plainly reproducing the evidence of an eyewitness. [10]He came of an old Roman patrician family. [11]See below, p. 184. [12]_Georgics_ I, 463 foll. [13]See below, p. 206. [14]From Mr. James Rhoades’s version. [15]Sir A. H. Layard. [16]Dill, _Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire_, 1st edn., p. 163.