Lewis and Clark state that the Indians designated the great falls of the Columbia by the words “Timm,” so pronounced as to represent the fall of a distant cataract.—ED. Footnote 62: Simon Fraser, on his first expedition west of the Rocky Mountains (1805), gave the name “New Caledonia” to the region of Stuart and upper Fraser rivers, whose numerous lakes, lying among the bold and craggy mountains, reminded him of the Scotch highlands. The following year, accompanied by John Stuart, he farther explored the country and established St. James post, on Stuart River. For some time the boundaries of New Caledonia were indefinite, but its southern limit was always over two hundred miles north of Okanagan post. After it was erected into a district of the Hudson’s Bay Company, it extended from 51° 30′ to 56° north latitude and from 124° 10′ west longitude to the Rocky Mountains. Fort Alexandria (established 1821), on Fraser River, one hundred and seventy miles north of Fort Okanagan, became the principal trading post of the district.—ED. Footnote 63: Concerning John Clarke, see Franchère, note 81.—ED. Footnote 64: For further information regarding the St. Louis party, see Bradbury’s _Travels_, note 119.—ED. Footnote 65: This is Fort Kamloops, also known as Fort Thompson. It was built by David Thompson (1810) at the junction of the northern and the eastern branches of Thompson River, a few miles from Lake Kamloops and one hundred and fifty miles north of Okanagan post. It became the centre of the Thompson River district of the Hudson’s Bay Company. In 1841 the agent, Black, was murdered in the fort by some Indians, and his successor had the stockade removed across the river to the south side. It is now a town on the Canadian Pacific Railroad, and in 1890 had a population of fifteen hundred.—ED. Footnote 66: An account of Spokane Fort is given in Franchère, note 85.—ED. Footnote 67: For a brief biography of Larocque, see Franchère, note 90.—ED. Footnote 68: Similkameen is the present name of this river. It rises in the Cascade Mountains not far from the boundary line, and flows south-east into the Okanagan.—ED. Footnote 69: The Palouse River—Drewyer’s River of Lewis and Clark. Palouse is probably an Indian word, although it has been connected with the French word “pelouse,” in that it flows through a rolling, bunch-grass country, the most fertile in eastern Washington. It empties into the Snake eighty-five miles from the Columbia, and is its only important tributary on the northern side.—ED. Footnote 70: Concerning the Nez Percés, see Franchère, note 145.—ED. Footnote 71: For an account of Cox, see Franchère, note 84.—ED. Footnote 72: The original Kootenay post was established by Thompson in July, 1807, on the Columbia River (called by him Kootenay) just below lower Columbia Lake. He wintered here in 1808–09 and 1809–10.