Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjectsProctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjects
Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
So much for the method called Delisle's. The other is in principle
equally simple. In the imaginary experiment just described we supposed
the two observers at the right and left sides of the circular window.
Imagine them now to watch the bird from the top and bottom of the
window, 3 feet apart. Suppose they note that the two tracks along
which, as seen from these two points, the bird seems to cross the
face of the distant globe, lie at a distance from each other equal to
one-third of the globe's apparent diameter. Now, the bird being twice
as far from the globe as from the window, the two tracks on the globe
necessarily lie twice as far apart as the two points from which they
are seen--or they lie 6 feet apart. The globe's diameter therefore
is 18 feet. Knowing thus how large it is, and knowing also how large
it looks, the observers know how far from them it lies. So, in the
Halleyan method of determining the sun's distance by observing Venus
in transit, astronomers are stationed far north and far south on the
sunlit half of the earth, corresponding to the window of the imaginary
experiment. Venus corresponds to the bird. The observers note along
what track she travels across the sun's face. (That they partially
determine this by noting how long she is in crossing, in no sense
affects the principle of the method.) They thus learn that such and
such a portion of the sun's diameter equals the distance separating
them,--some six or seven thousand miles perhaps,--whence the sun's
diameter is known. And as we know how large he looks, his distance from
the earth is determined.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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