Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjectsProctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjects
Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
A peculiarity distinguishing this method from the former is that the
observers must have a station whence the whole transit can be seen;
for practically the place of Venus's track can only be ascertained
satisfactorily by timing her passage across the sun's disc, so that
the beginning and end must be observed and very carefully timed. This
is to some degree a disadvantage; for during a transit lasting several
hours the earth turns considerably on her axis, and the face turned
sunwards at the beginning is thus very different from the face turned
sunwards at the end of transit. It is often exceedingly difficult
to find suitable northern and southern stations belonging to both
these faces of the earth. On the other hand, the other method has its
peculiar disadvantage. To apply it effectively, the observer must know
the exact Greenwich time (or any other selected standard time) at his
station,--or in other words he must know exactly how far east or west
his station is from Greenwich (or some other standard observatory).
For all the observations made by this method must be compared together
by some absolute time standard. In the Halleyan method the duration
of transit only is wanted, and this can be as readily determined by a
clock showing local time (or indeed by a clock set going a few minutes
before transit began and showing wrong time altogether, so only that
it goes at the right rate) as by a clock showing Greenwich, Paris, or
Washington time. The clock must not gain or lose in the interval. But a
clock which would gain or lose appreciably in four or five hours, would
be worthless to the astronomer; and any clock employed for scientific
observation might safely be trusted for an interval of that length;
whereas a clock which could be trusted to retain true time for several
days, is not so readily to be obtained.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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