Agriculturists 684,168 heads of families Artisans and labourers 83,061 Traders 30,117 Officials (_fonctionnaires_) 22,811 Professors and teachers 6,066 Medical and legal professions and druggists 995 Artists (meaning probably persons engaged in the arts) 2,156 Priests, monks, and _religieuses_ 18,452 Various 125,815 ------- Of the total heads of families 973,941, seventy per cent. therefore are agriculturists. ] CHAPTER VII. EDUCATIONAL--ETHNOGRAPHICAL. Educational laws--Statistics--Cost of instruction to the State--(Note: Comparison with Great Britain)--- Backward condition of education--Imperfect state of university instruction--Roumanian youth in Paris and elsewhere--Impolicy of the system--Pecuniary loss to the country--Moral drawbacks--Edgar Quinet's views--Conflicting opinions in Roumania--Need for the encouragement of home instruction--The Asyle Hélène--A remarkable institution for girls--Its foundation and history--Dr. Davila again--Princess Elena--Constitution of the school--Classes and subjects taught--High standard for the training of teachers--Proficiency of the higher pupils--Marriages from the Asyle--How negotiated--Wretched payment of state teachers--Other schools and institutions--A few ethnographical considerations--Descent illustrated philologically--Latin roots in the Roumanian language--Examples--Their significance--Magyar roots, indicative of foreign domination--Examples--Roumanian music, perpetuates the old days of oppression--Dances--Gerando's description of an historical dance--(Note: Reference to works on the subject). I. Theoretically education in Roumania is everything that can be desired; practically it is still far otherwise. The Constitution of 1866, article 23, declares that primary instruction shall be compulsory and gratuitous, and that primary schools shall, by degrees, be established in every commune.