Penny, William, 183 Pet, Arthur, 7, 60 Pet Strait, 8 Peter the Great, 130 Petermann Fiord, 248 Petermann, Mount, 269 Petersen Bay, 214 Petersen, C., 208 Petropaulovsk, 134 Phipps, The Hon. Constantine John, 29 Pim, Bedford, 174 _Pioneer_, H.M.S., 183 Plants, 43, 88, 91, 113, 114, 156, 192, 248, 264, 266, 281 _Plover_, H.M.S., 138 Point Lake, 153 Point Victory, 206 Polar Stations, The International, 272, 273 _Polaris_, The, 245 _Polhem_, The, 44 _Pollux_, The (boat), 166 Poole, Jonas, 13, 15 Porcupine River, The, 142 Pospeloff, 62 Pribylov Islands, The, 135 _Prince Albert_, The, 183, 207 Prince of Wales, Cape, 136 Prince of Wales Strait, 172, 176 _Proeven_, The, 85 Pronchistschef, 85 _Proteus_, The, 274, 278 _Protococcus nivalis_, 192 Prudhoe Land, 234 Pullen, W. J. S., 139 Quennerstedt, A., 43 _Racehorse_, H.M.S., 29 _Racer_, The, 183 Rae, Fort, 273 Rae, John, 170, 204, 207 Rae Strait, 208, 214 Raleigh, Mount, 227 Rat River, The, 142 _Ravenscraig_, The, 247 Rawlings Bay, 241 Rawson, Wyatt, 257 Red snow, 192 Regent Inlet, Prince, 180 _Regina_, The, 59 Reikjavik founded, 2 Reindeer, 10, 18, 23, 27, 28, 60, 109, 150, 169, 172, 174, 176, 181, 188, 267, 283 Reindeer, White, 61, 283 Reliance, Fort, 160 _Reliance_, The (boat), 158 Rensselaer Harbour, 235, 236 Repulse Bay, 191, 204, 207 _Resolute_, H.M.S., 175, 183, 184 _Resolution_, H.M.S., 136 _Resolution_, The (whaler), 31 Return Reef, 159, 166 Rhinoceros, 126 Richardson, John, 149, 156, 170 Richthofen Peak, 71 Rijp, Jan Corneliszoon, 11, 57 Ringnes Islands, The, 185 Ritenbenk, 249 Robeson Channel, 245 Rocky Mountains first crossed, 149 _Rodgers_, The, 141 _Roosevelt_, The, 282 Rosmysslof, 62 Ross, James Clark, 41, 181, 201 Ross, John, 179, 182, 194, 234 Rudolf Island, Prince, 75, 76, 82 Hudson's Point, 14 Russell, Cape, 235 Ryder, Lieut., 266 Sabine, Edward, 181, 267 Sabine, Cape, 235 Sable, The, 135 Sagastyr Island, 273 St. Elias, Cape, 134 St. Elias, Mount, 136 St. Lawrence Bay, 141 St. Lawrence Island, 132 _St. Paul_, The, 134 _St. Peter_, The, 134 _Salmo arcturus_, 258 Salmon trout, 176 _Salutation_, The, 18 Samoyeds, The, 10, 115 Sanderson's Hope, 232 Sanderson, William, 224 Sannikof, 107 Schley, Winfield S., 278 Schonau Island, 70 Schwatka, Frederick, 213 Scoresby, William, the elder, 30 Scoresby, William, the younger, 31, 129, 266 Seal, The Fur, 135 Seals, 31, 88 Sea-otter, The, 135 _Searchthrift_, The, 7 Semonovski Island, 117 Serdze Kamen, Cape, 90, 132, 136 Seven Islands, The, 40 Shackleton, Cape, 233 Shantar Islands, The, 130 Sheathing for ships introduced, 5 Shedden, Robert, 139 Sheridan, Cape, 283 Siberia, 84, 106 Siberian Islands, The, 88, 106 Silver Bay, 63 Simmons Peninsula, 188 Simpson, Sir George, 165 Simpson, Thomas, 165