Round the year with the stars: The chief beauties of the starry heavens as seen with the naked eyeServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Round the year with the stars: The chief beauties of the starry heavens as seen with the naked eye
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy -- Popular works
The second star of Auriga, Beta (β), or _Menkalina_, the “Shoulder,” is
also a spectroscopic binary with a period of only four days. It was the
first binary of this class to be discovered. In 1889 Pickering found
that its spectral lines were doubled every two days, from which he
inferred the duplicate character of the star and calculated the period
of revolution of its components.
Farther east we see Gemini, the “Twins.” It is a very beautiful
constellation, independently of the brightness of its leaders, Castor
and Pollux, or Alpha (α) and Beta (β). The feet of the imaginary twins
are dipped in the Milky Way nearly above the uplifted club of the giant
Orion, and close to the summer solstice. The successive belts of stars
crossing the figures of the Twins present an attractive appearance.
Castor, although the literal leader of the constellation, is not now
as bright as its neighbor, Pollux. A change of brightness must have
taken place. Castor is a celebrated binary with a period of about one
thousand years. The distance between the two stars composing it is
about 5″.5, and, both being bright, they can be separated with small
telescopes.
Pollux is very near the standard first magnitude in brightness. It has
a slightly orange tint in contrast with the whiteness of Castor. Like
Orion, Taurus, and Auriga, Gemini offers splendid fields of stars for
the opera-glass. A cluster, M35, not far above the place of the summer
solstice, is an object of rare beauty when seen with a low telescopic
power.
South of Gemini shines the bright star Procyon in Canis Minor, the
Lesser Dog. This star, whose name implies the “Preceder, or Announcer,
of the Dog,” because it rises a little ahead of Sirius, is the only
bright star of its constellation. It is interesting for having a dusky
companion whose existence was detected by the effects of its attraction
before any telescope had revealed it. With this companion Procyon forms
a binary system with a period of revolution of about forty years. The
star Beta (β) is named Gomeisa, from an Arabic word meaning the “Dim
One.” Procyon, Sirius, and Betelgeuse form a magnificent triangle,
through which flows the Milky Way.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account