Round the year with the stars: The chief beauties of the starry heavens as seen with the naked eyeServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Round the year with the stars: The chief beauties of the starry heavens as seen with the naked eye
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy -- Popular works
We now return to the western part of the sky, where we see, beyond
Eridanus, the vast expanse covered by the constellation Cetus, the
“Whale.” The head lies on and over the equator above the western bend
of Eridanus. It is marked by a striking group of stars, of which Alpha
(α), or Menkar, the “Nose,” is the chief. The star Gamma (γ) is a fine
double; colors yellow and blue; distance 2″.5. Below and toward the
west will be found Omicron (ο), better known by its popular title of
Mira, the “Wonderful.” In some respects this is the most extraordinary
of all variable stars. It excited great astonishment when its
variations were first recorded in the seventeenth century. Most of the
time it is entirely invisible to the naked eye; but once in about ten
months it begins to brighten, and in a few weeks becomes conspicuous,
sometimes equalling the second magnitude in brightness. Then it
fades again, and in about three months disappears from naked-eye
vision, although it is never lost to the telescope, which follows it
down to the ninth magnitude, at which it remains, glowing redly, for
several successive months. Its variations are more or less irregular
both in period and in brightness. The causes are only conjectural.
About all that we can say is that here is a sun which once every ten
months blazes up to a thousand or fifteen hundred times its ordinary
brilliancy. The imagination can work its will with such a star as that.
The western part of Cetus is marked by a striking group of stars shaped
something like the bowl of an upturned dipper and by a lone, bright
star still farther west, Beta (β), or Deneb Kaitos, the “Tail of the
Whale.”
Above Cetus runs the long line of stars composing the constellation
Pisces, now the leader of the zodiac, since it contains the Vernal
Equinox. Alpha (α), or Al Rischa, the “Cord,” because it marks the
ribbon imagined to bind two fishes together by their tails, is directly
under the stars marking the head of Aries, to which we have already
referred. It is a double of very singular colors--green and blue. The
distance is about 3″.6. From Al Rischa the stars of the constellation
stream northward to the figure of the Northern Fish, whose nose touches
Andromeda, and westward to the Western Fish, which is situated under
the Great Square of Pegasus. The extraordinary tendency of the stars of
Pisces to run in streaming lines has been spoken of in Chapter III.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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