Romans, dyes prized by, 45; purple favorite color of, 48. Rose color, symbolism of, 47. Rosette, symbolism of, 159. Rothschild, Baron Adolphe, rug owned by, 128. Rothschild, Baron Nathaniel, rug owned by, 153. Roubaix, 169. Roumanian rugs, 137. Royalty, yellow symbol of, in China, 47. _Rubia_, dye-yielding genus, 44. _Rubia tinctorum_, 44. Rugs, utility of, 15; origin of need for, 15; weaving of, began, 15; definition of name, 15; identical with carpets, 16; represented in Egyptian wall-paintings, 16, 17; on Nineveh marbles, 17; Egyptian, 18; Assyrians used, as awnings and floor-coverings, 19; rug-weaving in Egypt, Chaldea, Assyria, Asia Minor, and Greece, 19; introduced into Europe, 20; hung over graves, 20; used in Europe during _fêtes_, 20; increasing use of, 21, 26; value by square foot, 28; sometimes woven underground, 29; pashim rugs from India, 30; of camel's hair, 31; knotting in Persian, 32; product of cold districts in demand, 32; selected for Western market, 33; famous rugs in collections, 33; industry encouraged in India, 35; designs in Persian, 37, 38; designs in modern Oriental, 38; proportion between size and design, 39; replace skins in Egypt, 51; modern Egyptian, 51; imported into Egypt, 52; Cairo emporium for sale of, 52; antique Persian, 53; Shah Abbas's encouragement of rug-weaving, 53; value of Shah Abbas rugs, 53; decline and growth of industry in Persia, 54; use of, in Persia, 54; durability of, 54; district where woven determined by design and fabric, 55, 88; value of trade to Persia, 55, 56; export and import duties upon, 56; firms prosecute trade in, 56, 57; quality and design of modern Persian, 57; characteristics of Persian, 58-70; value in Orient, 70; characteristics of Turkish, 71-83; use of, in Turkey, 72; in Constantinople market, 72, 73; characteristics of Indian, 87-94; less expensive than Persian, 88; Indian gold-embroidered state rugs, 89; Lord Clive's rug, 89; rugs have replaced shawls in Kashmir, 89; rugs of Afghanistan, 95, 96; of Beluchistan, 97; Turkoman rugs, 98-104; Caucasian rugs, 105-108; rugs of Holy Land, 111, 112; of China, 113-115; of Japan, 116; Khilim, 117, 118; Polish, 119; prayer, 120-122; silk, 123-125; felt, 126, 127; hunting, Persian, 128; Greek, 132, 133; Moorish and Spanish, 134, 135; Bosnian, Servian, Roumanian, and Bulgarian, 136, 137; English, 138-140; French, 141, 142; United States, 143-149; inscriptions on, 153-155; Oriental symbols on, 156-162; meanings of place-names associated with, 162, 163. Running hook design, 41. Russian Empire, place-names, 168. Rustan Khan, 165, 173. Ryan, Charles, 177. S S-form design, 43. Sabatos rugs, 144, 145.