_Gold_ _Gold, with _Gold or _Silver_ silver limited_ silver_ Great Britain, United States, Haiti, Uruguay, Mexico, Central Germany, France, Argentine America, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, Italy, Republic, Columbia, Denmark, Switzerland, Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru, Austro-Hungary, Greece, India. Spain, Servia, Equador, China, Roumania, Bulgaria, Hong Kong and Turkey, Netherlands, Straits, Cochin Portugal, Algeria, Tunis, China. Brazil, Canada, Japan, Java, Newfoundland, etc., Egypt, Russia, Philippine Chile. Islands, Hawaii. _Actual bimetalism._—It is necessary to caution against supposing that the use of both gold and silver as currency in any country implies true bimetalism, nor is it at all certain that the making of either gold or silver legal tender at option touches the question of bimetalism. Only the issue by free coinage at the will of the owner of both metals shows a distinct attempt to maintain bimetalism. The actual maintenance of both standards has always been, and always will be, by alternation, when the ratio of the two metals as to value is established at very nearly the market value of the two metals in bullion. Popular demand for a return to the old ratio in the United States is founded in part upon misconception of commercial principles and largely upon a misunderstanding of current events during a financial crisis. The supposed dangers from a single standard of value are largely exaggerated from confusion of standards with currency in exchange. It is quite conceivable that gold may still serve as a standard unit of value, while 90 per cent of exchanges have no other use for gold beyond its furnishing terms of comparison. We must measure value by value, and the unit of value must be true to its name, just as we measure length by something long. But the number of yardsticks in actual use in a store may have no constant ratio to the number of yards of cloth sold by that measure. The folding of calico in yard folds relieves the yardstick, but does not change the nature of the yard. So gold, or silver, is relieved of many functions in exchange through banking systems without materially affecting its use as a standard unit.