Russian literatureKropotkin, Petr Alekseevich, kniaz
History
Russian literature
Kropotkin, Petr Alekseevich, kniaz
Russian literature -- 19th century -- History and criticism
A terrible conflict must have been going on then in the mind of the
great writer. The communistic feeling which had induced him to put in
italics the fact about the singer at _Lucerne_, and to add to it a hot
indictment against the civilisation of the moneyed classes; the trend
of thought which had dictated his severe criticisms against private
property in _Holstomyér: the History of a Horse_; the anarchistic ideas
which had brought him, in his Yásnaya Polyána educational articles, to
a negation of a civilisation based on Capitalism and State; and, on
the other hand, his individual property conceptions, which he tried to
conciliate with his communistic leanings (see the conversation between
the two brothers Lévin in _Anna Karénina_); his want of sympathy with
the parties which stood in opposition to the Russian Government
and, at the same time, his profound, deeply rooted dislike of that
Government, all these tendencies must have been in an irreconcilable
conflict in the mind of the great writer, with all the passionate
intensity which is characteristic of Tolstóy, as with all men of
genius. These constant contradictions were so apparent that while less
perspicacious Russian critics and the _Moscow Gazette_ defenders of
serfdom considered Tolstóy as having joined their reactionary camp,
a gifted Russian critic, Mihailóvskiy, published in 1875 a series of
remarkable articles, entitled _The Right Hand and the Left Hand of
Count Tolstóy_, in which he pointed out the two men who constantly
were in conflict in the great writer. In these articles, the young
critic, a great admirer of Tolstóy, analysed the advanced ideas which
he had developed in his educational articles, which were almost
quite unknown at that time, and contrasted them with the strangely
conservative ideas which he had expressed in his later writings. As a
consequence, Mihailóvskiy predicted a crisis to which the great writer
was inevitably coming.
“I will not speak,” he wrote, “of _Anna Karénina_, first of all
because it is not yet terminated, and second, because one must speak
of it very much, or not at all. I shall only remark that in this
novel--much more superficially, but for that very reason perhaps
even more distinctly than anywhere else--one sees the traces of the
drama which is going on in the soul of the author. One asks oneself
what such a man is to do, how can he live, how shall he avoid that
poisoning of his consciousness which at every step intrudes into the
pleasures of a satisfied need? Most certainly he must, even though
it may be instinctively, seek for a means to put an end to the inner
drama of his soul, to drop the curtain; but how to do it? I think
that if an ordinary man were in such a position, he would have ended
in suicide or in drunkenness. A man of value will, on the contrary,
seek for other issues, and of such issues there are several.”
(_Otéchestvennyia Zapíski_, a review, June, 1875; also Mihailóvskiy’s
_Works_, Vol. III, p. 491.)
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