Russian Prisons: St. Peter and St. Paul; the Schlüsselburg; the Ostrog at Omsk; the story of Siberian exile; Tiumen, Tomsk, SaghalienGriffiths, Arthur
History
Russian Prisons: St. Peter and St. Paul; the Schlüsselburg; the Ostrog at Omsk; the story of Siberian exile; Tiumen, Tomsk, Saghalien
Griffiths, Arthur
Exiles -- Russia (Federation) -- Siberia -- History; Prisons -- Russia -- History
If the Tiumen prison was in horrible condition, that of Tomsk was
infinitely worse. Its deplorable state was frankly admitted to George
Kennan by the authorities when they granted him permission to visit it.
“I think you will find it the worst prison in Siberia,” said the acting
governor of the province of Tomsk. What else was to be expected when the
buildings were filled with more than twice the number of inmates which
they could properly accommodate? The Tomsk forwarding prison was
designed to hold fourteen hundred, but three thousand or even four
thousand were habitually crammed into it. The numbers arriving exceeded
the power of distribution, and week by week a residuum remained to
increase the permanent population. The _étapes_, or halting stations
along the road, could accommodate only a limited number and there were
not enough troops to provide for more than one marching party each week.
The Tomsk forwarding prison is described by Mr. Kennan, who saw it in
1885, as, “a stockaded camp or enclosure three acres in extent, lying on
open ground outside the city.” Within were some fifteen to twenty log
buildings grouped about a pyramidal church tower. Each wooden building
in the enclosure was a one-storied barrack prison of square logs with
board roofs, heavily grated windows and massive iron doors secured with
padlocks. There were eight of these, each constituting a prison ward and
each divided into two _kameras_, one on each side of a central corridor
running through the building. Each ward or building was calculated to
hold 190 inmates, but was crowded with at least three hundred. Each cell
was about forty feet square and the air space was seven-eighths of a
cubic fathom per head. The cells were fairly well lighted, but the
atmosphere was pestilential and the temperature from the natural heat of
the prisoners’ bodies was fifteen or twenty degrees higher than the
external air. The usual sleeping platforms ran across the cells, but
there was not room on them for half of the number confined there, and
the other half was forced to sleep beneath the platforms, or on the
floor in the adjoining gangways. These lay there on the mud-stained and
filthy floor, without pillows, blankets or bedclothing. They were in
such a grievous state that they complained feelingly of the heat,
foulness and oppressiveness of the air and declared that it was
impossible to move about in the day time or to get rest at night.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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