The ship shown in the Poole seal marks another development in the
fore- and stern-castles, which by now appear to be not so much
superstructures as part of the hull itself. We shall see as we
continue through the ensuing centuries how this “castle” idea
increases. Another point of interest exhibited in the Poole design
is a large anchor hanging from the bows. This now has a stock in the
usual place as distinct from that in the illustration by Giotto’s
pupil. This Dorset craft has some resemblance to the previous Viking
type, but instead of being after the pattern of the “longships” she
shows the tendency towards crescent-shape. As evidence that the pure
Viking influence was still extant in Europe let us take the seal of
San Sebastian, Spain, which is to be seen in the British Museum. The
date is 1335, and it is remarkable that this type should have spread
so far south as the other side of the Bay of Biscay. She has the high
stem and stern with a stern-castle, but not a forecastle. She has
one mast with a streamer, the sail being furled by two men along the
yard as usual. The mariner steers with a rudder to starboard, and
the braces as well as the bowsprit are shown.
In the reign of Edward III. the current gold coin called a noble
showed a ship-design still more crescent-shaped than the Poole seal.
By now the sterncastle has come right down on deck, the rudder hung
on pintles is seen at the extreme stern, and the backstays lead not
into the hull but to the top of the sterncastle. The actual length
on the water-line is much smaller now and the overhang greater. The
date of the noble is 1360. An imitation of this coin, and bearing a
similar ship, was struck by David II. of Scotland in 1357.[50] In
the seal of Boston belonging to the year 1375 the sterncastle is
seen to have come down to the deck, the sheer of the ship coming up,
so to speak, to meet it. The forecastle has also come lower, but
projects away ahead of the vessel. There are three masts and three
fighting-tops, and the shrouds come outside of the hull. Edward III.
admirably continued the example of the kings of England and helped
forward the steady improvement of the navy, while the glorious
victory in the Battle of Sluys, in which the French fleet was utterly
routed, gave the English seamen their opportunity of showing their
superiority.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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