CAREEN. To lay a ship over on to her side in order to be able to caulk her lower seams. CARVEL-BUILD. The manner of building a vessel so that the planks are laid edge to edge, and not overlapping. CAULK. To stop the seams of a ship with oakum, so as to prevent the water entering between the planking. CLEW. The lower corners of a squaresail, and the aftermost corner of a staysail. CLINKER-BUILD. The manner of building a vessel so that the planks overlap each other. (Compare “carvel-build.”) CRANK. An adjective applied to a ship when she is liable to capsize. DAVITS. Short pieces, formerly of timber, now of iron, projecting over a vessel’s side, for hoisting up the ship’s anchors or boats. DHOW. The term applied generally to the lateen-rigged ships of the East. FREEBOARD. The amount of a ship’s hull extending from the waterline to the gunwale. GAFF. A spar used for extending the upper edge of a fore-and-aft rectangular sail—_e.g._, the mainsail of a cutter. GOARING. An old English expression in use during Elizabethan times, applied when the lower corners of the sail extended much further out than the width of the canvas stretched along the yard. GOOSENECK. A piece of bent iron fitted to the end of a boom by which to connect the latter to the ship. GUY. A rope attached to a spar for the purpose of steadying it. GYBE. When a ship so alters her course in running free that the wind, instead of coming from one quarter, comes from the opposite quarter, the mainsail of a fore-and-after will have swung over, and be said to have gybed. HALYARD. A rope or tackle used for hoisting or lowering sails and spars. JETTISON. To lighten a ship by throwing goods overboard. JIB-BOOM. The spar which continues further forward the projection of the bowsprit. KEELSON. The piece of timber which is laid on the middle of the floor timbers over the keel. LANYARD. A short piece of rope used for various purposes—_e.g._, for making fast the shrouds to a ship’s side. LATEEN. A long triangular sail bent to a long yard, a characteristic sail of the Mediterranean and dhow-rigged craft. Also carried on the mizzen and bonaventure mizzen of mediæval full-rigged ships. LEACH. The vertical edges of a sail. LUG. A fore-and-aft sail hoisted on a yard, of which not more than about a third of its length is forward of the mast. In the dupping-lug the tack of the sail is made fast some distance forward of the mast, and because the sail must needs be set on the lee side of the mast it has to be dipped at each tack and hoisted afresh on the other side. MIZZEN. The aftermost mast of a vessel having two or more masts; sometimes called a jigger. In the case of mediæval ships having four masts, the aftermost was called the bonaventure mizzen, and the one immediately forward of this the main mizzen.