Arctic expedition, Dutch, 231; exploration, 218 Armada, Spanish, 194, 197, 198, 202, 203, 206; tapestries of, 207; number of ships and their construction, 211-214 Artemon, or foresail, 79 Arun, River, ancient boat found near, 100 Atlantic emigrant traffic, 272; steamers, 266; yacht race across the, 330 Australia, 246, 268, 272 Australian aborigines and stone implements, 99 Babylonia, 20 Bakhuizen, Ludolf, 5 Ballast, 196, 324 Baltic, Phœnicians on the, 112; ketches, 303; ships, 10 Banners, 153. _See also_ Flags Barber, Commander T. M., 37 Barcelona ships, 170 Barton Broad, 307 Baston, T. (engraver), 250 Bayeux Tapestry, the, 17, 134 Beaching, 60 Bedford, John, Duke of, 166 “Before the Mast,” 154 Bentall, Mr. E. H., 328 Bergen law for sailors, 127 Bernoulli, Jean, 243 Bibliography, 335 _et seq._ Bilge water, 249 Bill-hooks, 187, 199 Billingsgate, 235, 285, 303 Binnacles, 179 Black Ball liners, 270 Blackwall, 246, 267 Blake, Admiral, 230, 232, 233 Blankenberg boat, 312 Boar’s head, 60 Bodleian Library MS., 203 Bombay yacht, 309 Bonaventure mast, 175 Bonhomme, —, 209 Bonnets, 153, 178, 195, 275 Booms, 123 Boreas, 129 Boston, 255 Botley, Viking ship discovered at, 115 Bounty system for shipbuilding, 179 Bowlines, 179, 198, 210 Bows, 86; clipper, 266, 324; Greek, 61; overhanging, 329; Phœnician, 55; round, 257; schooner, 276; Viking double, 94 Bowsprit, 275 Brails, 65, 82, 262, 285 Brassey, Lord, 50, 327 Bremen, ancient boats discovered at, 102 Breydon Water, 307 Brigg prehistoric boat, 95 Brighton, 129, 136, 322 Bristol as port, 138 Britanni, the, 104 British Empire shipping tonnage in 1821, 258 British Museum, models in, 27; and Brigg prehistoric boat, 96 British Navy, size of, in 1813, 256 (_see also under the names of monarchs_); last sailing ship in the, 300 Brixham ketch, 303; Mumble Bees, 291 Broad arrow as Government mark, 234 Bronze and Iron Age ships, 104 Brooking, Charles, 5, 323 Brosen Viking ship, 117 Bruges, 163 Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis, 22, 28 Bulkheads, 196 Bullen, Mr. F. T., on the way of the ship, 12; on the ships of St. Paul’s voyage, 15; on Elizabethan sea-terms, 210; on spritsails, 265; on clipper ships, 271 Bulwarks, 178 Burgess, W., 295 Burmese junks, 7, 31 “Butter-rigged,” 298 Byrne, Mr. St. Clare, 327 Bytharne’s “Book of War,” 188 Cabins, 148 Cables, 276 Cabot, John, 184 Cæsar, ships used by, 87, 93, 103, 106, 107; and the Northern seas, 107 Calais, siege of, 159 California, 268 Caligula, ships of, 76 Cambyses, 48 Camper and Nicholson, Messrs., 326, 332 Canary Isles, discovery of, 158 Cannon, introduction of, 158, 168 Canterbury Cathedral, picture of a ship formerly in, 185