Richard I. in the Mediterranean, 17; his navy, 138, 141, 146, 147 Richard II., reign of, 159 Richard III., shipping in reign of, 161 Rifeh, Egypt, early boat found at, 3, 27, 33 Rigging, ancient Egyptian, 11, 29, 38; ancient Greek, 59; _Ark Royal_, 198; brigs, 300; caravel of sixteenth century, 181; Columbus’s ship, 182; corvettes, 252; development and progress, 81, 275-277; East Indiamen, 264-265; eighteenth century, 247-248; Elizabethan, 210; fore-and-aft, 220, 244, 281-334; four-masted barques, 273, 274; _Henri Grâce à Dieu_, 186; lateen, 14; Mediterranean warship, 143; Phœnician, 48; Roman, 74; _Royal Charles_, 241; ship of British Navy of 1815 (details), 278-279; ship painted by Gentile da Fabriano, 161; sloop, 220; Spanish galleon, 213; Spanish treasure-frigate, 214; squaresail, 11; three-decker, 230; Victorian, early, 260-262, (model) 1; warship of Henry VII., 174. _See also_ Ships (types) Rock carvings, Scandinavian, 110 Roman galleys, 9; ships, 73-88, 106 Ropes, ancient Greek, 67 Roses, the Wars of the, 161, 173, 180 Rother, the, Kent, ancient boat found, 100 Rouen, 166 Roundships, 61 Royal ships hired to merchants, 177 Royal United Service Museum, models, &c., in, 5, 181, 216, 235, 243, 250 Royal Victoria Yacht Club, 325 Royal Yacht Squadron, 324 Royals, 230 Rudder-bands, 80 Rudders, 144, 150, 156 Ruisdael (artist), 5 Rutherglen, seal of, 167 Rye, seal of, 167 Sagas, the, 89 Sail-making, 326 Sailcloth manufacture, 209 Sailing power, revival of, 277 Sailors under King John, 148; _temp._ Queen Elizabeth, 197; _temp._ James I., 225; present-day “sailors,” 2 Sails, of the _Ark Royal_, 200; colours of, 67; cutting, 201; decorated, 83, 209; development of, 276, 284; scientific treatment of, 243; Viking sails, 122, 123, 124 St. Andrew’s flag, 241 St. George’s flag, 241, 242 San Francisco, 267, 291 San Sebastian, Spain, seal of, 156 Sandefjord, 272 Sandwich, seal of, 141, 149 Saracen ship and Crusaders, 140 Saxons, vessels of the, 109 Scandinavian coin, ship on, 133 Scandinavian rigs, 12 Scandinavians. _See_ Norsemen Scarborough Bay, 317 Schank, Admiral, 255 Schooner, origin of the name, 293 Scotch fishing boat, Norwegian influence on, 317 Scott, Messrs., 267, 268 Screw propeller, 257 Screw steamer, advent of, 263 Sea, the call of the, 19 Sea-terms in Elizabethan English, 210 Seals, mediæval, ships on, 128 Seamanship, early European, 137; “marlin-spike seamanship,” 275 Sennacherib, palace of, 51 Seppings, Sir Robert, 257, 259 Shakespeare, sea-terms used by, 210 Sheathing, 245, 250, 251, 276 Sheer, 277 Sheerness, 237, 245, 277 Shetland Isles boats, 13 Shields, 179 Shields, North and South, 258