Salmonia; Or, Days of Fly Fishing: In a series of conversations. With some account of the habits of fishes belonging to the genus SalmoDavy, Humphry, Sir
Philosophy
Salmonia; Or, Days of Fly Fishing: In a series of conversations. With some account of the habits of fishes belonging to the genus Salmo
Davy, Humphry, Sir
Fishing
HAL.—Pardon me—I have not concluded. There are eels in the Lake of
Neufchatel, which communicates by a stream with the Rhine; but there are
none in the Leman Lake, because the Rhone makes a subterraneous fall
below Geneva; and though small eels can pass by moss or mount rocks,
they cannot penetrate limestone, or move against a rapid descending
current of water, passing, as it were, through a pipe. Again: no eels
mount the Danube from the Black Sea; and there are none found in the
great extent of lakes, swamps, and rivers communicating with the
Danube,—though some of these lakes and morasses are wonderfully fitted
for them, and though they are found abundantly in the same countries, in
lakes and rivers connected with the ocean and the Mediterranean. Yet,
when brought into confined water in the Danube, they fatten and thrive
there. As to the instinct, which leads young eels to seek fresh water,
it is difficult to reason;—probably they prefer warmth, and, swimming at
the surface in the early summer, find the lighter water warmer, and
likewise containing more insects, and so pursue the courses of fresh
water, as the waters from the land, at this season, become warmer than
those of the sea. Mr. J. Couch (Lin. Trans. T. xiv. p. 70) says, that
the little eels, according to his observation, are produced within reach
of the tide, and climb round falls to reach fresh water from the sea. I
have sometimes seen them, in spring, swimming in immense shoals in the
Atlantic, in Mount Bay, making their way to the mouths of small brooks
and rivers. When the cold water from the autumnal floods begins to swell
the rivers, this fish tries to return to the sea; but numbers of the
smaller ones hide themselves during the winter in the mud, and many of
them form, as it were, masses together. Various authors have recorded
the migration of eels in a singular way,—such as Dr. Plot, who, in his
History of Staffordshire, says, that they pass in the night, across
meadows, from one pond to another: and Mr. Arderon (in Trans. Royal
Soc.) gives a distinct account of small eels rising up the flood-gates
and posts of the water-works of the city of Norwich; and they made their
way to the water above, though the boards were smooth planed, and five
or six feet perpendicular. He says, when they first rose out of the
water upon the dry board, they rested a little—which seemed to be till
their slime was thrown out, and sufficiently glutinous—and then they
rose up the perpendicular ascent with the same facility as if they had
been moving on a plane surface.—(Trans. Abr. vol. ix. p. 311.) There
can, I think, be no doubt, that they are assisted by their small scales,
which, placed like those of serpents, must facilitate their progressive
motion: these scales have been microscopically observed by
Lewenhoeck.—(Phil. Trans. vol. iv.) Eels migrate from the salt water of
different sizes, but I believe never when they are above a foot long—and
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