1277 Membership in the Great Council limited to those of legitimate birth. 1297 Closure of the Great Council, in which membership becomes a privilege of the nobles. 1300 Conspiracy of Marino Bocconio. 1310 Conspiracy of Marco Quirini and Bajamonte Tiepolo. 1335 Permanent institution of the Council of Ten. 1348 Venice loses half her population by the plague. 1354 Conspiracy of Marino Faliero. 1379-80 War of Chioggia. 1404-54 During this time Venice possesses herself, on the mainland, of Padua, Ravenna, Verona, Treviso, Vicenza, Brescia, Bergamo, Feltre, Belluno, Crema, and Friuli. 1405 Carlo Zeno takes Padua from Carrara. 1426 League with Florence concluded. Brescia surrenders to the allied forces, the Venetian troops being commanded by Carmagnola. 1428 Bergamo surrenders to Carmagnola. 1432 (May 5) Carmagnola executed as a traitor to the Republic. 1437 Erasmo da Narni, nicknamed Gattamelata, is made commander of the Venetian army. 1449 Bartolommeo Colleoni is commander of the Venetian forces. 1453 (May 29) Constantinople taken by the Turks. Many Venetians are massacred and much Venetian property destroyed. 1477 Scutari, besieged by the Turks, is successfully defended by Antonio da Lezze. 1489 Venice annexes Cyprus, leaving Catharine Cornaro the empty title of its Queen. 1508 League of Cambrai, between the Emperor Maximilian, Pope Julius II., Louis XII. of France, and Ferdinand of Aragon. 1571 (Oct. 7) Battle of Lepanto won by the allied fleets of Venice, Genoa, the Holy See, and Spain, commanded respectively by Sebastiano Venier, Andrea Doria, and Marcantonio Colonna, under Don John of Austria as commander-in-chief. 1574 Visit of Henry III. of France. 1575-7 Venice, swept by the plague, loses one-fourth of her population, Titian among them. Church of the Redentore built to commemorate its cessation. 1577 (Dec. 20) Fire destroys the Hall of the Great Council, with many magnificent works of art. 1630 Another visitation of the plague, commemorated by the Church of the Salute.