Sappho and her influenceRobinson, David M. (David Moore)
History
Sappho and her influence
Robinson, David M. (David Moore)
Sappho -- Influence
William Morris, a fine classical scholar, as shown in his _Life and
Death of Jason_, in _The Earthly Paradise_ (1868-1871), expands in a
very readable form the story of the Egyptian courtesan, Rhodopis, whom
Sappho’s brother, Charaxus, ransomed. About the same time (1870) Rossetti
made the combination of two fragments which we have mentioned above (p.
93). Some tell us that Oscar Wilde’s heart goes out to Sappho, but so
far as I have read I have not been able to find in him any trace of the
real Sappho.[178a] On the other hand, Tennyson and Swinburne read her
fragments over and over. Tennyson, who thought the Sapphics of Horace
to be “much inferior to those of Sappho,” beautifully paraphrases the
second ode in _Eleänore_ (1832). In the original edition of _Fatima_
(Dec. 1832), published under the title _O Love, Love, Love_, he prefixed
the first line of this ode as a motto. Many as are the echoes of the
sweet-bitter, bitter-sweet antithesis of Sappho (E. 81, above, p. 57)
in Wharton and other critics, it seems strange that perhaps the most
beautiful and deep-hearted of all, Elaine’s song in Tennyson’s Idyl is
never cited, so far as I know.[180]
Love, art thou sweet? then bitter death must be:
Love, thou art bitter; sweet is death to me.
O Love, if death be sweeter, let me die.
Tennyson echoes the third fragment, as we have seen (p. 63); and he
re-echoes through Horace another fragment in his _Epilogue_ (p. 36).
In _Fatima_, “Love, O withering might” suggests another fragment. In
_Leonine Elegiacs_ we have a better adaptation than in Byron of the
Hesperus hymn:
The ancient poetess singeth, that Hesperus all things bringeth,
Smoothing the wearied mind: bring me my love, Rosalind.
In _Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_ he again uses the same Sapphic
fragment: “Hesper, whom the poet call’d the Bringer home of all good
things.” His brother, Frederick Tennyson, who was such a good Greek
scholar that he won the medal at Trinity College for a Greek poem, in
his _Isles of Greece_ (1890) used several adaptations and translations
of Sappho, the prettiest being those about Sappho’s child Cleïs, about
Hesper and the summer noonday siesta by the cool waters. Many writers of
lyrics in England and Scotland have thought of Sappho, but generally of
the Phaon story, as recently did Thomas McKie in his _Lyric on Love_:[181]
Bewildered with her love and grief,
From lone Leucadia’s stormy steep
Distracted Sappho sought relief,
By plunging in the whelming deep.
The deep that closed upon her woes
Not half so wild, impetuous flows.
Swinburne is one of Sappho’s greatest admirers, and we have quoted some
of his praises among the appreciations of Sappho (p. 11). We have cited
Noyes’ appreciation of Swinburne’s love of Sappho, and here are Thomas
Hardy’s interesting lines to Swinburne:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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