BOLAX, hatchet. O.N. _bolöx_. The O. Dan. word has the vowel _u_, _bulöx_. BOWN, O.N. _búinn_, cp. _grouf < grúfu_; _bowk_ < _búkr_; _stroup_ < _strjúpr_; _dowless_ < _duglauss_, etc. The O. Dan. word was _boin_. The form in Orm. is _būn_, a Norse loanword. BUSK, to prepare, has W. Scand. reflexive ending _sk_. BUTH, O.N. _búð_. The O. Dan., O. Sw. vowel was _o_, _boð_ and _bodh_, so in modern Dan. diall. In Norse diall. it is _u_. CAPPIT shows W. Scand. assimilation of _mp_ < _pp_. CLUBBIT shows W. Scand. assimilation of _mb_ < _bb_. DRUCKEN exhibits W. Scand. assimilation of _nk > kk_. Cp. O. Dan. _dronkne_, _drone_, but N.Dan. _drukken_. HARN corresponds better to O.N. _hjarni_ than to umlauted Dan. _hjerne_, O. Sw. _hiärne_. ILL, WILL. Both show assimilation of _ld_ to _ll_. Cp. O.N. _illr, villr_, but Dan. _ilde_, _vild_. RUND, ROOND, is rather the O.N. _rond_ than Dan. _rand_. SER, SEIR corresponds better to O.N., O. Ic. _sér_ than to O. Dan. _sær_. This change of _e_ to _æ_ in Dan. was, however, late, i.e., in the last part of the 10th Century. See Noreen P.G.(2)I, 526. SLAK, O.N. _slakki_. Shows W. Scand. assimilation of _nk_ > _kk_. STAPP, O.N. _stappa_. Has W. Scand. assimilation of _mp_ > _pp_. Cp. _cappit_. STERT is O.N. _sterta_. Cp. Dan. _styrte_. WANDRETH is nearer to O.N. _vandræði_ than to O. Dan. *_vandraþ_ (Brate), from which N. Dan. _vanraad_. Monophthongization of _ou_ to _o_, _ai_ to _i_ (_e_), _öy_ to _ö_ took place in O. Dan. about 900. The Scand. loanwords in Eng., where the monophthong might be expected to appear, nearly always have the diphthong, however, which as we know was kept in W. Scand. Have such words been borrowed from W. Scand. then, or were they borrowed from Dan. before the period of monophthongation? Danish settlements began in the latter half of the 9th Century, but Dan. (and Norse) and Eng. did not merge immediately. Scand. continued to be spoken throughout the next century down to the beginning of the 11th Century (Noreen). Brate says the majority of loanwords probably came in in the beginning of the 10th Century. Wall points out that the Mercian and the Northumbrian Gospels of the 1st part of the 10th Century show extremely small traces of Scand. influence. It would seem, then, that the greater number of loanwords came in after monophthongation had taken place in Dan. The following dates for the appearance of loanwords in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle may be of interest. These are all taken from Egge's article, "Norse Words in the A-S. Chronicle."