Sheep-dung, externally, burns.—(Idem, c. 35.) Pigeon’s dung, snuff made of for brain hemorrhage.—(Idem, c. 38.) Horse-dung, externally, hemorrhages from wounds.—(Idem.) Sheep-dung, ashes of, externally, carcinoma.—(Idem, c. 39.) Sheep-dung, externally, wounds and fistulas.—(Idem.) Mouse-dung, cautery.—(Idem.) Weasel’s dung, ashes of, cautery.—(Idem.) Pigeon’s-dung, ashes of, cautery.—(Idem.) Poultry-dung and pigeon’s dung, externally, old cicatrices.—(Idem, c. 40.) Sheep’s dung, externally, female complaints.—(Idem, c. 43.) Mouse-dung, externally, swelled breasts.—(Idem.) EXTRACTS FROM THE WRITINGS OF DIOSCORIDES. Dioscorides devotes a chapter to the medicinal values of different ordures; a condensation only of the translation need be given, since the original is inserted. The fresh dung of domestic cattle was considered good for inflamed wounds; for pains at extremity of spine; and, when made into a plaster with oil, it dissolved glandular and scrofulous swellings and tumors. The dung of bulls was a remedy for falling of the womb; when drunk with wine, was frequently given as a remedy in epilepsy; used also in the cure of suppressed menstruation and to expel the fœtus in retarded delivery; administered in menstrual hemorrhages; for the alleviation of gout in the feet, serpent bites, erysipelas, etc. Goat and sheep dung was used for the same purposes. Dried goat-dung, drunk in wine, checked hemorrhages, as did that of asses and horses. The dung of grass-fed kine taken in wine for scorpion bites. Dove and poultry dung given to break up the old sores and scrofulous swellings. Hen-dung believed to be almost a specific against the effects of poisonous mushrooms; it was to be drunk in wine. Stork-dung was another remedy for epilepsy; it was also to be drunk in wine. Vulture-dung expelled the fœtus; mouse-dung expelled calculi. Hen-dung, especially that laid during the dog-days, was good for dysentery. Fresh human ordure was applied to inflamed wounds, and as a plaster in angina; dog-dung was also used in such cases. Crocodile-excrement was in high repute as a cosmetic. (See “Cosmetics.”) Purchasers were warned that it was frequently adulterated with the excrement of starlings fed on rice. The urine of the patient himself should be drunk in cases of serpent bites, poisons from drugs, bites of scorpions, mad dogs, etc. For old ulcers, cicatrices, “lepras,” an excellent application; also for ulcerations in the genitalia, sores in the ears, etc. The urine of an undefiled boy was highly commended for various purposes, especially when triturated with honey in a brass mortar. The “sediment of urine” (see “Mangeurs de Blanc”) was regarded as of great value in erysipelas. Bull’s urine was given for the cure of ulcerated ears. Goat urine expelled stone from the bladder; likewise, beneficial in dropsy, if drunk daily. Asses’ urine cured mania.