hermitage--and his servants, and the necessary accommodation for travellers besides; and it had often, perhaps generally, its court-yard and garden. The chapel of the hermitage seems not to have been appropriated solely to the performance of divine offices, but to have been made useful for other more secular purposes also. Indeed, the churches and chapels in the Middle Ages seem often to have been used for great occasions of a semi-religious character, when a large apartment was requisite, _e.g._ for holding councils, for judicial proceedings, and the like. Godric of Finchale, a hermit who lived about the time of Henry II.,[117] had two chapels adjoining his cell; one he called by the name of St. John Baptist, the other after the Blessed Virgin. He had a kind of common room, "communis domus," in which he cooked his food and saw visitors; but he lived chiefly, day and night, in the chapel of St. John, removing his bed to the chapel of St. Mary at times of more solemn devotion. In an illumination on folio 153 of the "History of Launcelot," already quoted (British Mus., Add. 10,293), is a picture of King Arthur taking counsel with a hermit in his hermitage. The building in which they are seated has a nave and aisles, a rose-window in its gable, and a bell-turret, and seems intended to represent the chapel of the hermitage. Again, at folio 107 of the same MS. is a picture of a hermit talking to a man, with the title,--"Ensi y come une hermites prole en une chapele de son hermitage,"--"How a hermit conversed in the chapel of his hermitage." It may, perhaps, have been in the chapel that the hermit received those who sought his counsel on spiritual or on secular affairs. In addition to the references which have already been given to illustrations of the subject in the illuminations of MSS., we call the special attention of the student to a series of pictures illustrating a mediæval story of which a hermit is the hero, in the late thirteenth century MS. Royal 10 E IV.; it begins at folio 113 v., and runs on for many pages, and is full of interesting passages. We also add a few lines from Lydgate's unpublished "Life of St Edmund," as a typical picture of a hermit, drawn in the second quarter of the fifteenth century:-- "--holy Ffremund though he were yonge of age, And ther he bilte a litel hermitage Be side a ryver with al his besy peyne, He and his fellawis that were in nombre tweyne. "A litel chapel he dide ther edifie, Day be day to make in his praiere, In the reverence only off Marie And in the worshipe of her Sone deere, And the space fully off sevene yeere Hooly Ffremund, lik as it is founde, Leved be frut and rootes off the grounde.