“The letters ‘F.D.’ stand for the Latin words _Fidei Defensor_, meaning ‘The Defender of the Faith.’ Henry VIII. had a little while ago written a book on the Pope (who was Clement VII.) saying that the Pope was the true head of the Church, and everyone ought to obey him. The Pope was so pleased that he made Henry _Fidei Defensor_. It must be remembered that the king had married his brother Arthur’s[26] widow, a Spanish princess, namely, Catherine of Aragon (_sic_), and as they had no son Henry wished to divorce her, but the Pope would not allow him to, as he had given Henry special leaf (_sic_) to marry her. At this Henry was furious, and began to think about the Pope’s words, ‘Defender of the Faith.’ He would not act as he thought till someone suggested it. So two men, called Cromwell and Cranmer, came forward, telling the king to take the Pope’s words, not as he meant them, but as they really were, as they stood. The king was delighted, and made Cranmer a bishop and Cromwell his wisest counsellor.[26] In 1534 Parliament[26] was called upon to declare Henry head of the Church. All said he was, except two men, Sir Thomas More and Fisher, bishop of Rochester; these would not agree, and were executed in 1535. If we look on a penny we see the letters ‘F.D.,’ which shows from the reign of Henry VIII. till now the Pope has not been allowed to interfere with England. In order to spite the Pope, Henry allowed the Lutherans and learned men to come into England.” _Q._ What did you see in the _Seagull_ sailing up the Firth of Forth? (Book studied, _Geographical Reader_, Book II.) G. (aged 9), answer dictated:— “In sailing up the Forth we first of all see Leith, which is the seaport town of Edinburgh. Then we come to Edinburgh. The old and new Edinburghs are built on opposite hills, the valley in between is laid out in lovely gardens. One thing very odd about Edinburgh is that the streets look as if they are built one on top of the other. At one end of the town there is a castle which looks so like the rocks and mountains it is built on, one can hardly distinguish it. At the other end of the town there is Holyrood, where the ancient kings used to live. We do not see many merchantmen because there are no good harbours, there are a good many fishing smacks and pleasure boats. As we go along we see women with big baskets with a strap across their foreheads, and they are calling out ‘caller herrings.’” _Q._ “And Jonathan loved him as his own soul.” Of whom was this said? Tell a story of Jonathan’s love. E. (aged 9), answer dictated:—