hundreds, perhaps thousands of feet thick, and they also happened to lie on some weak part of the earth’s crust, where earthquakes sometimes happen, they may be squeezed or pushed up above the surface of the sea, and round them may be deposited more rocks, and they may be pushed up, and so land may be formed, with some parts higher than the rest, and these parts are called mountains. _Botany._ [_Diagrams._] 2. The raspberry, strawberry and blackberry are all of the Rose family. But there are little differences between them; they are not all alike. The raspberry is like the strawberry in that its seedboxes grow on a mound. But when you look at the ripe fruit, you will see that the seedboxes themselves grow bigger, softer and rounder, and also they shrink away from the white mound, so that a ripe raspberry comes off without a little stalk, etc., hanging on. The Blackberry is just the same as the raspberry, only it is black, and the round juicy seed boxes do not shrink away from the mound quite so much. The construction of the strawberry fruit, however, is slightly different. Here it is the little mound that swells, and becomes a bright red, and the seed boxes (generally wrongly called “seeds”) remain hard and small, looking something like little yellow apple pips. _Euclid_ (first set). [Illustration] 1. Let AB be a given st. line. It is reqd. to bisect AB. On AB describe an equilateral △ ACB. I. 1. Bisect ∠ ACB by the st. line CD, meeting AB in D; then shall AB be bisected in D. I. 9. In △s ACD, DCB the side AC = side CB, and CD is common and ∠ ACD = ∠ DCB. Hyp. ∴ △s are equal in all respects I. 4. and side AD = side DB. Q.E.F. [Illustration] 2. Let AB be the given st. line of unlimited length and C the given pt. outside it. It is reqd. to draw from C a st. line perpendicular to AB. Take a pt. D on the other side of AB; and with centre C and radius CD describe a ☉ FE cutting AB in E and F. Bisect EF in G, and join CE, CG, CF. I. 10. Then shall CG be at right angles to AB. In the △ s ECG, CGF, EC = CF, and EG = GF (Const.) and CG is common. △s are equal in all respects. I. 7. and ∠ EGC = ∠ CGF. and ∴ CG is perpendicular to AB. Def. Q.E.F. [Illustration] 3. Let ABC be the given ∠. It is reqd. to divide ∠ ABC into four equal parts. Bisect ∠ ABC by the st. line BD. I. 9. Bisect the ∠ ABD by the st. line BF. I. 9.