10. Soon great rancor developed between the two parties, both of which had lately been included in the Republican ranks. Henry Clay and John Randolph inaugurated animosities by a duel; and soon, in North Carolina, as elsewhere, social amenities were but little regarded between the Whigs and Democrats. 11. This was very absurd. All were citizens of a free country, and were entitled to hold and express opinions as to what was the best policy for the government to pursue. God has so constituted men that, of necessity, they must differ in opinion on all subjects. How weak and wicked, then, is the man who hates his brother because of the failure to agree on matters that are, after all, involved in doubt. 12. It was not always so, however, for when the Constitution was framed in Philadelphia, in 1787, all the States but Massachusetts recognized the legality of slave property. Very soon afterwards, however, the "Society for African Emancipation" was formed, with Dr. Benjamin Franklin as its president. This body petitioned Congress to abolish slavery in the States and Territories, but was answered that the Constitution left this matter to the States, and that the Federal authorities had no powers. 13. The Northern States finding slave labor unprofitable, had all abolished this institution in their midst, and their slaves had been sent to the South and sold. Southern men, also, had been divided as to the policy of continuing a state of society so opposed to the general liberties of mankind; but this liberal spirit in the South was checked by the violent and unreasonable criticisms and denunciations of the Northern reformers. QUESTIONS. 1. What growth was noticed in the Union during the years just considered? 2. What is said of immigration to North Carolina? 3. In what condition were the political parties of the country? 4. What is said of President Madison's administration? 5. What distinguished Frenchman visited North Carolina in the year 1825? How was he everywhere received by the people? How did Congress treat him? 6. What is said of the extraordinary rise in the price of cotton? How did it affect many people? 7. What was the effect of the election of John Quincy Adams? What two political parties then existed? 8. What troubles did Mr. Adams find? What party was led by Henry Clay? What were some of the Whig principles? 9. What did General Jackson and his party advocate? 10. What results were produced by the violent assertions of these opinions? 11. What is said of political animosities? 12. How was the question of slavery viewed? What State refused to recognize the legality of slave property? What society was organized? CHAPTER XLVI. THE CONDITION OF THE STATE. A. D. 1827 TO 1836.