After calling several witnesses to the good character of the prisoner, Mr. Marshall Hall made a strong appeal for mercy. Colonel Pilcher, he said, had been a very intimate friend of this lady, who had frequently expressed the intention of leaving him her money. Unfortunately, having put off signing her will from day to day, she had died without carrying out that intention, and unluckily for him the prisoner had found a will among her papers, but without the signatures of the testatrix or witnesses. He now owned that the signatures were not genuine, but did not know how they had been put upon the will. In uttering the will he had only been attempting to carry out the wish of the dead woman. In mitigation of his offence it was pointed out that he had not spent all the money he might have done, that he was over sixty years of age, and that his wife who had known nothing of this unfortunate liaison of her husband freely forgave him for any pain he might have caused her. Before sentence was passed Mr. Muir, who conducted the case for the prosecution, protested against the explanation of the finding of the will that had been given in this confession, and said that in face of the evidence that the ink upon the will was not more than six years old he could not accept the view that the prisoner was not the forger of the document. The judge, in passing sentence, said that even now the prisoner had not made a clean breast of the matter, for they were still in the dark as to who had signed the names upon the will. However, taking into account the good character that had been given to the accused by those who had known him, and the points urged in his favour, he did not think that the extreme measure of penal servitude was deserved, and the sentence would be one of three years' penal servitude. CHAPTER XII IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN BLOOD AND HUMAN HAIR Structure of Blood--Human Blood--Blood of Animals--Blood Crystals--Libellers of Sir E. Godfrey--Trial of Nation in 1857--Physiological Tests--Precipitines--First Trial in France--Gorse Hall Trials--Human Hair--Hairs of Animals. In its structure blood may be described as a colourless fluid, the _plasma_ having in suspension small solid substances--the red and white corpuscles. The plasma may be separated into a coagulated body termed _fibrin_ and a transparent liquid called the _serum_. When blood coagulates, or forms clots, it forms a solid mass in which the red corpuscles are bound up in the fibrous mass of fibrin. The process of coagulation is promoted by moderate heat, slight dilution with water, and exposure to the air, while it is retarded by cold, strongly heating, great dilution and the addition of various chemical agents.