Science and the modern worldWhitehead, Alfred North
Religion
Science and the modern world
Whitehead, Alfred North
Science
The _analytical character_ of the realm of eternal objects is the
primary metaphysical truth concerning it. By this character it is meant
that the status of any eternal object _A_ in this realm is capable of
analysis into an indefinite number of subordinate relationships of
limited scope. For example if _B_ and _C_ are two other eternal objects,
then there is some perfectly definite relationship _R(A, B, C)_ which
involves _A, B, C_ only, as to require the mention of no other definite
eternal objects in the capacity of relata. Of course, the relationship
_R(A, B, C)_ may involve subordinate relationships which are themselves
eternal objects, and _R(A, B, C)_ is also itself an eternal object. Also
there will be other relationships which in the same sense involve only
_A, B, C_. We have now to examine how, having regard to the internal
relatedness of eternal objects, this limited relationship _R(A, B, C)_
is possible.
The reason for the existence of finite relationships in the realm of
eternal objects is that relationships of these objects among themselves
are entirely unselective, and are systematically complete. We are
discussing possibility; so that every relationship which is possible is
thereby in the realm of possibility. Every such relationship of each
eternal object is founded upon the perfectly definite status of that
object as a relatum in the general scheme of relationships. This
definite status is what I have termed the ‘relational essence’ of the
object. This relational essence is determinable by reference to that
object alone, and does not require reference to any other objects,
except those which are specifically involved in its individual essence
when that essence is complex (as will be explained immediately). The
meaning of the words ‘any’ and ‘some’ springs from this principle—that
is to say, the meaning of the ‘variable’ in logic. The whole principle
is that a particular determination can be made of the _how_ of some
definite relationship of a definite eternal object _A_ to a definite
finite number _n_ of other eternal objects, _without_ any determination
of the other _n_ objects, X1, X2, ... Xn, except that they have, each of
them, the requisite status to play their respective parts in that
multiple relationship. This principle depends on the fact that the
relational essence of an eternal object is not unique to that object.
The mere relational essence of each eternal object determines the
complete uniform scheme of relational essences, since each object stands
internally in all its possible relationships. Thus the realm of
possibility provides a uniform scheme of relationships among finite sets
of eternal objects; and all eternal objects stand in all such
relationships, so far as the status of each permits.
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