Science and the modern worldWhitehead, Alfred North
Religion
Science and the modern world
Whitehead, Alfred North
Science
In respect to these types of internal relationship between α and other
occasions, these other occasions (as constitutive of α) can be
classified in many alternative ways. These are all concerned with
different definitions of past, present, and future. It has been usual in
philosophy to assume that these various definitions must necessarily be
equivalent. The present state of opinion in physical science
conclusively shows that this assumption is without metaphysical
justification, even though any such discrimination may be found to be
unnecessary for physical science. This question has already been dealt
with in the chapter on Relativity. But the physical theory of relativity
touches only the fringe of the various theories which are metaphysically
tenable. It is important for my argument to insist upon the unbounded
freedom within which the actual is a unique categorical determination.
Every actual occasion exhibits itself as a process: it is a
becomingness. In so disclosing itself, it places itself as one among a
multiplicity of other occasions, without which it could not be itself.
It also defines itself as a particular individual achievement, focussing
in its limited way an unbounded realm of eternal objects.
Any one occasion α issues from other occasions which collectively form
its _past_. It displays for itself other occasions which collectively
form its _present_. It is in respect to its associated hierarchy, as
displayed in this immediate present, that an occasion finds its own
originality. It is that display which is its own contribution to the
output of actuality. It may be conditioned, and even completely
determined by the past from which it issues. But its display in the
present under those conditions is what directly emerges from its
prehensive activity. The occasion α also holds within itself an
indetermination in the form of a future, which has partial determination
by reason of its inclusion in α and also has determinate spatio-temporal
relatedness to α and to actual occasions of the past from α and of the
present for α.
This future is a synthesis in α of eternal objects as not-being and as
requiring the passage from α to other individualisations (with
determinate spatio-temporal relations to α) in which not-being becomes
being.
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