The tradition of a battle at Mearcredes Burn, when the Welsh were again
defeated, may refer to an advance by which, a few years later, the
South Saxon pirates pushed eastward along the coast, and occupied the
strip of shore as far as Brighton, together with the fertile valley of
the Lewes Ouse. In the first-named district we find a large group of
English Clan villages, including Patching, Poling, Angmering, Goring,
Worthing, Tarring, Washington, Lullington, Blatchingden, Ovingdean,
Rottingdean, and many others. Amongst them is one which has clearly
given rise to the name of AElle's third son, and that is Lancing.
Unfortunately for the legend, we must decide that this was really the
settlement of an English clan of Lancingas, as Washington was the _tun_
or enclosure of the Weasingas, and Beddingham was the _ham_ or home of
the Beddingas. Around Lewes, in like manner, we find Tarring, Malling,
Piddinghoe, Bletchington, and others; while in the valley just to the
east we have ten or eleven such names as Lullington, Wilmington,
Folkington, and Littlington. These districts, I imagine, represent the
second advance of the English conquerors.
Finally, fourteen years after the first landing, the South Saxons
crossed the Downs and attacked Anderida. The Roman walls of the great
fortress were thick and strong, as their remains, built over by the
Norman Castle, still show; but they were defended by half-trained
Welsh, who could not withstand the English onset. With the fall of
Anderida, the native power was broken for ever, 'nor was there after
one Welshman left.' The English tribe of the Hastingas settled at
Hastings; and the South Saxons were now supreme from marsh to marsh.
But did they really exterminate the native Celt-Euskarian population? I
venture to say, no. Some no doubt, especially the men, they slew; but
the women and children, as even Mr. Freeman admits, were probably
spared in large numbers. Even of the men, many doubtless became slaves
to the Saxon lords; while others maintained themselves in isolated
bands in the Weald. To this day the Euskarian type of humanity is not
uncommon among the Sussex peasantry, and all the rivers still bear the
Celtic names of Arun, Adur, Ouse, and Calder. That there was 'no
Welshmen left' is only another way of saying that the armed Welsh
resistance ceased. The Romanised Britons became English churls and
serfs--nay, the very name for a serf in ordinary conversation was Weala
or Welshman. The population received a new element--the English
Saxons--but it was not completely changed. The Weorthingas and Goringas
simply became masters of the lands formerly held by Roman owners; and
the cabins of their British serfs still clustered around the wooden
hall of the English lords.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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