Scientific American, September 29, 1883 Supplement. No. 404Various
Science
Scientific American, September 29, 1883 Supplement. No. 404
Various
Science -- Periodicals
_Bavaria_.--Wrought bronze contains 8 to 12 per cent. of tin (in
tools 17 and even 25 per cent.), and often as much as 1 per cent. of
lead, traces of nickel and cobalt. Ornamental bronze has the same
composition. A few per cent. of zinc is also found.
_Bohemia_.--The wrought metal contains 5 to 11 per cent. of tin and
traces of iron and sulphur, from which we conclude that their ores
contained pyrites. Their cast metal also contains lead.
_North Germany_.--The wrought metal contains 8 to 16 per cent. of
tin, with frequently 1 per cent. of nickel. A sword contained only
5 per cent. of nickel, an ax 24 per cent. These are exceptions. The
ornament bronzes contain also a few per cent. of lead; exceptionally,
a considerable quantity of zinc. The ornamental metal in the Rhine
region, Nassau, and Hesse contains 5 to 15 per cent. of zinc with the
same of tin. At one time a rich bronze is used, at another quite pure
brass, and then a bronze-like brass.
_Denmark_.--The Danes employed the same metal for weapons that they did
for ornaments. It contained 5 to 12 per cent. of tin, and most of it 1
per cent. of zinc, but never lead; in one case only 2 per cent. of tin.
Nickel and cobalt often occur, ½ per cent. of each; iron in traces.
_Russia_.--The Russian weapon bronze contains from 9 to 16 per cent. of
tin, and traces of nickel. Arrows contain a little lead, up to 5 per
cent. Ornament bronze frequently contains in addition a few per cent.
of zinc.
The ornamental bronze of the Baltic provinces is a brass containing 15
to 20 per cent. of zinc, 3 to 4 per cent. of lead, and 1 to 2 per cent.
of tin.
In Russia, as in other countries, the brass alloys belong to a later
epoch; in older times real bronze was chiefly used for ornaments as
well as other purposes.--_Translated from advanced sheets furnished by
the author_.
* * * * *
THE BIG TREES OF CALIFORNIA.
We have previously spoken of the large _Sequoiæ_ of California, which
have justly a universal celebrity, and shall now render our remarks
upon the subject completer.
If there is any sight that can throw us into mute contemplation and
show us the littleness of our own nature, it is assuredly that of high
mountains like Mont Blanc, or waterfalls like Niagara. But yet we do
not at the first instant take in all the grandeur of these, but must
make the tour of Mont Blanc, or pass under the falls of Niagara and
study it at different points in order to obtain a just idea of such
marvels. And so it is with regard to the vegetable curiosities of the
Sierra Nevada, in California.
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