Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881
Various
Science -- Periodicals
Notwithstanding the extreme difficulty with which the Uranian satellites
are observed, the two brighter ones, Titania and Oberon, discovered by
William Herschel in 1787, have been occasionally detected in telescopes
of moderate power, and identified by means of an ephemeris which has
shown that the computed positions approximately agree with those
observed. During the last few years Mr. Marth has published ephemerides
of the satellites of both Saturn and Uranus, and many amateurs have to
acknowledge the valuable aid rendered by these tables, which supply a
ready means of identifying the satellites, and thus act as an incentive
to observers who are induced to pursue such work for the sake of the
interesting comparisons to be made afterward. In one exceptional
instance the two outer satellites of Uranus appear to have been glimpsed
with an object glass of only 43 inches aperture, and the facts are given
in detail in the "Monthly Notices of the R.A.S.," April 1876, pp. 294-6.
The observations were made in January, February, and March, 1876, by
Mr. J.W. Ward, of Belfast; and the positions of the satellites, as he
estimated them on several nights, are compared with those computed, the
two sets presenting tolerably good agreement. Indeed the corroborations
are such as to almost wholly negative any skepticism, though such
extraordinary feats should always be received with caution.
In this particular case the chances of being misled are manifold; even
Herschel himself fell into error in taking minute stars to be satellites
and actually calculating their periods; so that when we remember the
difficulties of the question our doubts are not altogether dispelled.
Extreme acuteness of vision will, in individual instances, lead to
success of abnormal character, and certainly in Mr. Ward's case the
remarkable accordances in the observed and calculated positions appear
to be conclusive evidence that he was not mistaken.
It will be readily inferred that the great distance and consequent
feebleness of Uranus must render any markings upon the disk of the
planet beyond the reach of our best telescopes; and indeed this appears
to have been a matter of common experience. Though the surface has been
often scanned for traces of spots, we seldom find mention that any have
been distinguished. Consequently the period of rotation has yet to be
determined. It is true that an approximate value was assigned by Mr.
T.H. Buffham from observations with a nine-inch reflector in 1870 and
1872. but the materials on which the computation was based were slender
and necessarily somewhat uncertain, so that his period of about twelve
hours stands greatly in need of confirmation. The bright spots and zones
seen on the disk in the years mentioned appear to have entirely eluded
other observers, though they are probably phenomena of permanent
character and within reach of instruments of moderate size. Mr. Buffham
[1] thus describes them:
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