Scientific American Supplement, No. 358, November 11, 1882Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 358, November 11, 1882
Various
Science -- Periodicals
China and white marbles are also used to make the round rollers which
have delighted the hearts of the boys of all nations for hundred of
years. Marbles thus made are known to the boys as "chinas," or "alleys."
Real china ones are made of porcelain clay, and baked like chinaware or
other pottery. Some of them have a pearly glaze, and some are painted in
various colors, which will not rub off, because they are baked in, just
as the pictures are on the plates and other tableware.
Glass marbles are known as "agates." They are made of both clear and
colored glass. The former are made by taking up a little melted glass on
the end of an iron rod and making it round by dropping it into a round
mould, which shapes it, or by whirling it around the head until the
glass is made into a little ball.
Sometimes the figure of a dog or squirrel or a kitten or some other
object is put on the end of the rod, and when it is dipped into the
melted glass the glass runs all around it, and when the marble is done
the animal can be seen shut up in it. Colored glass marbles are made
by holding a bunch of glass rods in the fire until they melt; then the
workmen twist them round into a ball or press them into a mould, so that
when done the marble is marked with bands or ribbons of color. Real
agates, which are the nicest of all marbles, are made in Germany, out
of the stone called agate. The workmen chip the pieces of agate
nearly round with hammers and then grind them round and smooth on
grindstones.--_Philadelphia Times_.
* * * * *
DRAWING-ROOM PHOTOGRAPHY.
Among the examples we have received are some which would certainly do
credit to any professional artist, alike for the posing, lighting, and
general treatment; indeed, we may say that some of the poses are of a
high artistic order, and quite a relief from the conventional positions
and accessories so frequently seen in professional work. The expressions
secured are also, as a rule, unusually pleasing and natural. This is, no
doubt, in a great measure due to the sitter feeling more at ease in the
amateur friend's drawing room than in a stranger's studio. Particularly
is this the case in some excellent work--full-length pictures--sent
from the other side of the Atlantic, and taken in a room of very modest
dimensions, and with only one window. Among the failures (if such they
may be called) the chief fault lies in the lighting, and from either
under or over exposure--the former chiefly arising when a landscape lens
was used, and the latter when a portrait combination was employed. Some
correspondents also complain of the long exposure that, in their case,
had been imperative; but, curiously enough, with all the successful
pictures a very brief exposure has always been mentioned, and generally
with an exceedingly small window.
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