Scientific American Supplement, No. 447, July 26, 1884Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 447, July 26, 1884
Various
Science -- Periodicals
The motor is of such a size that when supplied with a continuous current
of proper strength the induced electrical effect in the shunt circuit
will light one incandescent lamp. If, however, it is supplied with an
alternating current of the same power, it will light eight lamps, and
the mechanical power given off is even more than with a continuous
current, provided that the alternations from the dynamo do not exceed
6,000 a minute.
At first I was considerably puzzled by this great difference, because in
both cases it is impossible for the lamp circuit to be acted upon by the
main current. It occurred to me, however, that the rapid alternations
of the exciting current from the dynamo, and the consequent speed of
magnetic molecular rotation, gave the latter a certain momentum, and
that by widening the insulating strips of the first or main current
commutator, and proportionately increasing the width of conducting
surface in the shunt commutator up to certain limits, this effect would
be increased. I found such to be the case, from which I inferred that
the increase of induced current in the shunt circuit was on account of
its longer duration, by reason of the acquired momentum of the magnetic
molecular rotations _after_ the alternating exciting current had ceased.
[Illustration]
Those who have facilities for carrying out experiments may prove it in
the following manner:
E, in the inclosed drawing, is an electro-magnet whose brushes press on
two metallic bands, B and B¹, fixed to but insulated from the spindle,
A. The band, B, is in electrical circuit with the shunt commutator, S,
and the main commutator, M; while the band, B¹, is in contact with
shunt commutator, S¹, and main commutator, M¹. This contact is made
by conducting rods, as indicated. The commutators, as regards their
brushes, are so arranged that when M and M¹ are in action, S and S¹ are
out of action, and _vice versa_. The spindle and commutators are rotated
by the pulley, P. L is an incandescent lamp in the shunt circuit.
Let us now suppose the apparatus at rest, and the brushes in electrical
contact with the main commutators, M and M¹. The current from an
alternating dynamo passes into the magnet, E, and rapidly reverses its
polarity. By actuating the pulley, P, the commutators are rotated, when
M and M¹ go out of, and the shunt commutators, S and S¹, come into
action, enabling the _after_ current set up in the magnet to light the
lamp, L, in the shunt circuit.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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