for olive trees. The conclusion evidently is that it is better to confine ourselves to hydraulic methods of promoting the health fulness of a locality, the immediate effects of which are less uncertain. And then, when the local conditions are such as to make it desirable to try the effects of plants possessed of strongly absorbing powers, it is better to choose them from among the flora of our own hemisphere. This is more sure, and will cost less. Simple hydraulic methods of purification, even the most perfect, do not, however, produce permanent hygienic effects, since the moisture necessary for the multiplication of the malaria in the soil is so slight that these effects may be compromised by anything whatever that is capable of restoring a moderate degree of humidity to the ground during the hot season. It has often been thought that a suspension of malarial production would be better assured by suppressing at the same time the humidity of the soil and the direct action of the oxygen of the air upon the superficial strata of earth which contain the ferment. This has been successfully accomplished by the system of overlaying (_comblées_). This consists in covering the infected soil by thick layers of uninfected earth, carried there either by the muddy waters of rivers or by the hand of man. At the same time the steady drainage of the surface and underground water is provided for. Last year I advised our Minister of War to undertake in another form a hydraulico-atmospheric purification of the district of the Janiculum surrounding the Salviati Palace on the Via della Longara, by draining the soil carefully and covering with a layer of very close turf all the parts of the surface which could not be macadamized. It would seem as if this system had been rather successful, since there has not been this year a single case of fever in the _personnel_ of the new military college, established in the Salviati Palace; while in the Corsimi Palace, which is situated on the same side of the Via della Longara, but which looks out upon that part of the Janiculum which is still uncovered, there have been some fatal cases of fever.