Scientific American Supplement, No. 460, October 25, 1884Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 460, October 25, 1884
Various
Science -- Periodicals
It is however remarkable that the explanation of the propagation of sound
through gases, and even of the positive fluid pressure of a gas against the
sides of the containing vessel, according to the kinetic theory of gases,
is quite independent of the question whether the ultimate collisional force
is attractive or repulsive. Of course it must be understood that, if it is
attractive, the particles must, be so small that they hardly ever
meet--they would have to be infinitely small to _never_ meet--that, in
fact, they meet so seldom, in comparison with the number of times their
courses--are turned through large angles by attraction, that the influence
of these surely attractive collisions is preponderant over that of the
comparatively very rare impacts from actual contact. Thus, after all, the
train of speculation suggested by Davy's "Repulsive Motion" does not allow
us to escape from the idea of true repulsion, does not do more than let us
say it is of no consequence, nor even say this with truth, because, if
there are impacts at all, the nature of the force during the impact and the
effects of the mutual impacts, however rare, cannot be evaded in any
attempt to realize a conception of the kinetic theory of gases. And in
fact, unless we are satisfied to imagine the atoms of a gas as mathematical
points endowed with inertia, and as, according to Boscovich, endowed with
forces of mutual, positive, and negative attraction, varying according to
some definite function of the distance, we cannot avoid the question of
impacts, and of vibrations and rotations of the molecules resulting from
impacts, and we must look distinctly on each molecule as being either a
little elastic solid or a configuration of motion in a continuous
all-pervading liquid. I do not myself see how we can ever permanently rest
anywhere short of this last view; but it would be a very pleasant temporary
resting-place on the way to it if we could, as it were, make a mechanical
model of a gas out of little pieces of round, perfectly elastic solid
matter, flying about through the space occupied by the gas, and colliding
with one another and against the sides of the containing vessel.
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