Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887
Various
Science -- Periodicals
The results to be derived from the large number of photographs already
obtained can only be stated after a long series of measurements and a
careful reduction and discussion of them. An inspection of the plates,
however, shows some points of interest. A photograph of _a Cygni_, taken
November, 26, 1886, shows that the H line is double, its two components
having a difference in wave length of about one ten-millionth of a
millimeter. A photograph of _o Ceti_ shows that the lines G and _h_ are
bright, as are also four of the ultra-violet lines characteristic of
spectra of the first type. The H and K lines in this spectrum are dark,
showing that they probably do not belong to that series of lines. The
star near _[chi]' Orionis_, discovered by Gore, in December, 1885, gives
a similar spectrum, which affords additional evidence that it is a
variable of the same class as _o Ceti_. Spectra of _Sirius_ show a large
number of faint lines besides the well-known broad lines.
The dispersion employed in any normal map of the spectrum may be
expressed by its scale, that is, by the ratio of the wave length as
represented to the actual wave length. It will be more convenient to
divide these ratios by one million, to avoid the large numbers otherwise
involved. If one millionth of a millimeter is taken as the unit of wave
length, the length of this unit on the map in millimeters will give the
same measure of the dispersion as that just described. When the map is
not normal, the dispersion of course varies in different parts. It
increases rapidly toward the violet end when the spectrum is formed by a
prism. Accordingly, in this case the dispersion given will be that of
the point whose wave length is 400.
This point lies near the middle of the photographic spectrum when a
prism is used, and is not far from the H line. The dispersion may
accordingly be found with sufficient accuracy by measuring the interval
between the H and K lines, and dividing the result in millimeters by
3.4, since the difference in their wave lengths equals this quantity.
The following examples serve to illustrate the dispersion expressed in
this way: Angstrom, Cornu, 10; Draper, photographer of normal solar
spectrum, 3.1 and 5.2; Rowland, 23, 33, and 46; Draper, stellar spectra,
0.16; Huggins, 0.1.
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