It will thus be seen that the two words, when used with regard to foliage of any kind, refer to the _Method of representing it_, and not to its Kind or its manner of Growth. Sec. 9.--SCALES FROM REALISM TO CONVENTIONALISM. These two methods, when applied absolutely, form the two extremes:--The most complete REALISM being at one end, and the most limited CONVENTIONALISM at the other. There are scales of gradual reduction between them, which may be shown on two charts: (i) Reduction in the NUMBER OF PARTS which preserve their Realistic rendering. (ii) Reduction in the DEGREE OF REALISM through all parts. (i) According to the number of the features or parts of the design which are treated with less than realism. Thus there might be a panel representing a Window-opening with an architectural framing, with a Flower-vase on the sill, and a Landscape-background. The first part to be reduced in realistic rendering would be the Background, the second would be the Framing, leaving the third, the Flower-vase, as the survival. This is a Scale of reduction in _Number of Parts_. It may be shown, in tabular arrangement, thus:-- REALISM............................................CONVENTIONALISM. COMPLETE PICTORIAL REALISM, in which all parts are realistically represented (see Sec. 10). SEMI-PICTORIAL REALISM, in which the Back-ground is reduced to a flat-tint, while all the remaining parts are realistically represented (see Sec. 11). DECORATIVE REALISM, in which the chief Feature (_only_) is realistically represented, and all the other parts are reduced to conventional renderings (see Sec. 12). COMPLETE CONVENTIONALISM, in which all parts are reduced to conventional renderings (see Conventionalism). Inasmuch as there is some realistic part remaining in each of the first three methods--these are classified under the heading of REALISM. (ii) According to the Degree in which color, gradation, or shading, is sacrificed, in consequence of the limited Means at the disposal of the Artist; resulting in the gradual departure from Realism to the most severe Conventionalism. The reduction is applied to all parts of the work. This is a scale of reduction in _Degree_. There are two Varieties in each degree; and they are marked with italic letters. It may be shown, in tabular arrangement, thus:-- REALISM.............................................CONVENTIONALISM. COMPLETE REALISM, in which all parts are represented, in proper colors, and perfect gradation, with correct light and shade (see Sec. 10). FIRST DEGREE OF CONVENTIONALISM, in which all parts are represented: (a) By a reduced number of Pigments, the other qualities remaining; (b) By reduction in gradation and shading to Flat-tints of several pigments (see Sec. 15).