Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX.No. 6. [New Series.], August 10, 1878Various
Science
Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX.No. 6. [New Series.], August 10, 1878
Various
Science -- Periodicals; Technology -- Periodicals
The consul at Barmen reports that for agricultural labor the pay varies
greatly, according to the proximity to or remoteness from manufacturing
centers; and ranges from fifty-six cents a day in the neighborhood of
Barmen to thirty-one cents a day in the lower Rhine valley, and as low
as eighteen cents in parts of Silesia. At Barmen, Crefeld and
Düsseldorf, carpenters, coppersmiths, plumbers, machinists and
wagonsmiths earn fifty-one to seventy-five cents daily; saddlers and
shoemakers forty-seven to fifty-two cents daily; bakers and brewers,
with board and lodging, from $1.42 to $2.14 weekly, and without board
from sixty cents a day to $4.28 a week; farm hands are paid from $107 to
$215 yearly, with maintenance; railroad laborers from fifty-six to
eighty-three cents per day, and as high as ninety-five cents daily for
piece work on tunnels; silk weavers can earn $2.15 to $2.85 a week per
loom; factory women $2.15, and children $1 a week. Business and wages
are very low. In good times wages are eighty per cent higher. The cost
of the necessaries of life has increased some fifty per cent in thirteen
years, although it is now but little higher than five years ago. A man
and wife with two or three children can live in two or three rooms in a
poor and comfortless manner for $275 a year, and to support such an
establishment all the members have to work ten or twelve hours daily.
For a family of six persons the cost is about $7 per week--an amount but
few families can earn, as the depression of trade and the reduction of
time allow few to do a full week's work, although wages are nominally a
trifle higher than five years ago.
* * * * *
=Petroleum June Review.=
DRILLING WELL ACCOUNT.
The low price of oil and large accumulation of stock in the producing
regions have had the effect to lessen operations in this department
during the month of June.
The total number of drilling wells in all the districts, at the close of
the month, was 266, which was 110 less than in the preceding month. Rigs
erected and being erected 243, against 309 last month. The number of
drilling wells completed during the month was 269, being 151 less than
in May. Aggregate production of the new wells was 3,788 barrels, against
6,851 barrels in May. The total number of dry holes developed in the
month was 22, against 42 in May.
The operators in the great northern field (Bradford district) have
curtailed operations to an extent which will compare favorably with the
operators in the other portions of the producing regions, as will be
seen by the following statement, namely:
Number of wells drilling at the close of the month, 187, against 284 at
the close of the previous month. Number of drilling wells completed in
June, 193, against 346 in May. Number of rigs erected and being erected,
196, against 234 in May.
PRODUCTION.
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