[39] _Lodbroka Quida. Str._, 12. The epithet of “the Hardy” is applied to Kenneth in the _Duan_. The old chronicle continues to apply the name of _Pictavia_ to Scotland proper, or _Alban_, and _Saxonia_ to the Lothians; whilst the Ulster annals call the MacAlpin dynasty “Kings of the Picts” to the close of the century. [40] _Innes App._, No. 3. [41] This expression, the “laws of Aodh,” may have found its way into the chronicle without the transcriber being aware of its meaning. In the Irish annals the _lex Patricii_ or _lex Columbæ_ alludes to the right of visitation and other dues belonging to the representatives or _Cowarbs_ of those saints; and the confirmation of the “lex Aodh Fin” by the Gael may mean the recognition of the claims of his descendants, the MacAlpin family, to _Can_ and _Cuairt_ over the provinces of the Picts. Royal _law_ was identical with royal _supremacy_. [42] Their first arrival, or rather permanent settlement, is placed by the _An. Ult._ in 839. The district of _Fingall_ may derive its name from _Fine_ gall, “the stranger clans,” as well as from _Fin_-gall, “the white strangers.” [43] The Fingall are sometimes supposed to have been Norwegians and the Dugall Danes, a fanciful distinction apparently, as Thorstein Olaveson was king of the Dugall (_An. Ult._ 874), and his father Olave was undoubtedly a Norwegian. The Hy Ivar, chiefs of the Dugall, were undoubtedly a Danish race, for the Northmen who slew Elli at York in 867 were Dugall, and known as _Scaldings_ or _Skioldungr_ of the royal race of Denmark. _An. Ult._ 866. _Twysden_, p. 70. [44] _A. F. M._, 847, 849, 850, 851. Olave “took hostages from every clan, and tribute from the Gael.” [45] _Innes App._, No. 3. _An. Ult._ 865, 869, 870, 872. _Sim. Dun. de Gestis_, 866. _Ware. Antiq. Hib._, c. 24. Ivar was unquestionably the Inguar of early English history, and perhaps Olave was the Ubba; for in the Langfedgatel quoted by Lappenberg (_Eng. under Ang. Sax._, vol. i., p. 114, n. 4), Olave is substituted for Uffo, evidently the same name as Ubba. The _Chron._ 3 ascribes the death of Olave to Constantine, whilst the Landnamaboc says he was killed in Ireland.