[212] “Il n’y avoit pas de Royaume qu’il ne prétendit être tributaire du saint Siege, et pour le prouver, il ne craignoit point d’alléguer des titres qui se conservoient, disoit-il, dans les Archives de l’Eglise Romaine, mais qu’il n’osa jamais produire.” Such are the words of the Benedictine editor of “L’Art de verifier les Dates.” The Donation of Constantine was first openly brought forward in the letter of Leo IX. to Michael Patriarch of Constantinople, written in 1054, and it was one of the causes of the separation of the Greek Church. It is a fair specimen of the supposed contents of “the Archives of the Roman Church.” [213] The manner of choosing a bishop, and the abuses which had sprung up in such elections, are nowhere better described than in a letter of Apollinaris Sidonius, written about 470. (_Epist._ l. 4. _Ep._ 25.) [214] The “Pharoahs” of the age of Innocent were the temporal princes, whom the same Pope elsewhere describes as subordinate moons revolving round the papal sun, and deriving all their light from that luminary. [215] _Sim. Dun. de Gestis_ 1074 (p. 207). Like Boece, Stubbs, a stout partizan of York, writing at the close of the fourteenth century, was far better informed than the contemporary chronicler of all the circumstances of this dispute. _Twysden_, p. 1712, _et seq._ [216] The deprecatory answer of Thomas to Anselm is very characteristic of the age, “The money which I had collected for coming to you--and it was a large sum for my means--was all spent at Winchester, where I stopped too long. I then hurried home to scrape together some more to send to Rome for my pallium,” adding, “and I am still seeking for money, but very little can I find, except _at a grievous rate of interest_,”--a complaint alas! common to those in the Archbishop’s circumstances in every age. _Ead. Hist. Nov._, p. 98. [217] _Sim. Dun. de Gestis_ 1109. [218] _Sim. Dun. de Gestis_ 1074 (p. 207), 1115. [219] “Eligente eum clero et populo terræ, et concedente Rege,” are the words which seem to have rather puzzled Lord Hailes (_Annals_, vol. i. p. 63, _note_). But all bishops were originally supposed to have been chosen in this manner; though it is probable that the rights of the “clerus et populus” were at this time as exclusively possessed by the Culdees as they were subsequently vested in the Chapter. [220] “Nolebat enim ecclesiam Cantuarensem anteferri ecclesiæ Sancti Andreæ de Scotia:” [221] _Ead. Hist. Nov._, l. 5, p. 117, 130–135. [222] _Ang. Sac._ ii. 234, quoted in Hailes’s _Annals_, vol. i., p. 66. “He said that nothing would be so conducive to soften the barbarity of the Scots, promote sound doctrine, and establish ecclesiastical discipline, as _a plentiful and hospitable board_.” [223] _Ead. Hist. Nov._, l. 6. [224] _Sim. Dun. de Gestis_ 1124. Four months before his own death, _i.e._, in December 1123. [225] _Reg. Glasg. Inquisitio Davidis._