Treating the two pediments as striking the keynote of the whole
sculptural adornment of the monument, we shall not hesitate to find in
all its representations allusions to the life and exploits of the hero
whom it commemorates. But of the four friezes which encircled the
building at various heights, three furnish us with information which is
too vague to be historically useful. The theme of the first is battle,
of the third hunting, of the fourth feasting and repose. It is only the
frieze numbered as the second in the publications which gives us more
detailed and accurate information. Here are unfolded to us the
successive scenes of the siege and capture of a hostile city; the battle
before the walls, the attempt to storm and the defence, the parleying
and surrender, the escape of some of the inhabitants and the leading
into captivity of others. In the scene of capitulation the central
figure is an Eastern king or ruler, in Persian cap; behind him an
attendant bears a sunshade; around him stand his guards. This potentate
is approached by two elderly men, staid and dignified, who are clearly
the representatives of the city, and come asking for terms. In other
scenes we find a bold but a necessarily unsuccessful attempt to
represent without due perspective the city walls with the heads of the
defenders showing above them, the women wailing, the attacking force
adjusting the ladders for scaling, or repulsing sorties of the besieged.
The siege and the capture of a hostile city was evidently one of the
most notable events of the life of the hero of the monument. With some
plausibility archaeologists have found allusion to the same siege in the
beautiful figures of women which stood between the columns of the
pteron, the temple-like structure which crowned the monument. These
figures represent young girls in the dress of Attic maidens flying in
haste and alarm from some danger which threatens them. At their feet are
various marine creatures: the dolphin, the sea-snake, a crab, a
water-bird, or a fish. This curious circumstance has given rise to the
commonly accepted view that they represent Nereid nymphs hastily
escaping over the surface of the sea from some rude alarm, flying in
disorder to their father Nereus, as they do on more than one vase when
Peleus has laid hands on their sister Thetis. What more likely to cause
a panic among the shy and peaceful ladies of the sea than a marine
battle, or even the attack of an army on a city of the seacoast?
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