At the opposite end of the sarcophagus are represented four of the
body-guard, conversing one with the other. On one of its sides is a
scene of leave-taking. The hero sits on a throne, resting his arm
Zeus-like on a sceptre, while behind him stand two of the women of his
household. Before him is a young man, no doubt a son, stepping into a
chariot to which four horses are already yoked, and of which he holds
the reins. He turns to say a word of farewell to his father. Two other
young men are present: one holds in the horses of the chariot, the other
stands ready to mount a horse, and to ride beside it. Here again we have
a scene to which abundant parallels may be found among the Attic
grave-reliefs. The departure of a warrior or a horseman is, as we have
already seen[319], an ordinary subject on the stelae of Athens and
elsewhere. It may be that the son is setting out on a military
expedition which brought his father fame and increase of territory.
On the fourth side of the tomb, father and son are again prominent. It
is a hunting scene. In the midst is a panther turning to bay, which
father and son charge at the same moment on horseback from one side and
the other. On the left a young horseman has struck down a stag, and to
balance him on the right is represented a horse galloping away in a
panic, having thrown his rider, whom he drags with him. There can be
little doubt that all these scenes are out of the life of the person to
whom the tomb is devoted, and in all his son appears with him, very
probably the successor who had the sarcophagus made. The subsidiary
figures may be either younger sons or merely attendants. Unfortunately
we have no historical data for the assignment of the tomb to any
particular ruler of Sidon.
M. Reinach insists with justice on the importance of this tomb as a
monument of the great art of Ionia of the fifth century, an art of which
little has come down to us, but of the splendour of which we can judge
from the statements of ancient writers. Our sarcophagus lies half-way
between the reliefs of Assyria, recording the great deeds of the kings,
in an exaggerated and ideal historical record, and the sculpture of
purely Greek monuments such as the Mausoleum, where the battles of
Greeks and Amazons, of Lapiths and Centaurs, take the place of the
contests of ordinary men. The Lycian Tomb and that of the Mourning Women
belong almost entirely to the idealizing tendency of Greek sculpture
already spoken of, which translated the present into the past and the
human into the heroic. With the age of Alexander the historic tendency
once more prevails, since the deeds of Alexander and his contemporaries
might well seem pitched at a level quite as high as the mythic exploits
of Herakles and Theseus.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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