=Central Nervous System.=--The most frequent abnormality of the central nervous system is, as would be expected, hemorrhage; this has been discussed in the section dealing with gross pathology. No specific changes have been found in nerve-cells or fibres of the brain. In a case of fatal scurvy in an infant a "focal degeneration of the lumbar cord" has been described, extending for a distance of about a quarter of an inch (Hess). The lesion differed from that of poliomyelitis in the absence of round-celled infiltration and of the characteristic changes in the anterior horn cells (Figs. 3 and 4). The outstanding feature was a loss of cells in the lateral groups of the left anterior horn; there were also fewer nerve fibres in this region, but this diminution was less striking. No definite interpretation of this case can be made as the data are insufficient to permit a conclusion as to whether the lesion was truly scorbutic or the result of an associated process. Schoedel and Nauwerk found no change in the spinal cord stained by Marchi's method. [Illustration: FIG. 3.--High power. Section of lumbar cord showing normal cells in lateral group of right anterior horn.] [Illustration: FIG. 4.--High power. Section of lumbar cord showing focal degeneration and absence of cells in lateral group of left anterior horn.] =Peripheral Nerves.=--The sheaths of the large nerves as well as those of the vessels are very often invaded by hemorrhage. The extravasated blood is found to lie around but rarely among the nerve fibres, which do not show any pathological alteration. Ingier is one of the very few to describe a degeneration of the nerve fibres. In one guinea-pig in which scurvy was induced she found "many marked degenerated fibrillar bundles of both sciatic and peroneal nerves, slight degeneration of the phrenic nerves and one vagus and its cardiac branch." Another animal is referred to as having shown "very marked and well-developed degeneration of the nerves of the lower extremities." It is open to question whether starvation played a rôle in the causation of these lesions. Schoedel and Nauwerk, and Aschoff and Koch examined these nerves but failed to find any lesions; the latter directed their attention especially to the vagus of twenty-two cases. =Retinal hemorrhages= were found by Jacobsthal, and by Kitamura, who records "decided edema of the retina, marked bleeding and circumscribed hypertrophy of the nerve fibres" such as is found in albuminuric retinitis. These changes are considered again under the symptomatology of scurvy.