Secret societies and subversive movementsWebster, Nesta Helen
History
Secret societies and subversive movements
Webster, Nesta Helen
Secret societies
The making of the _Encyclopédie_, which even those writers the most
sceptical with regard to secret influences behind the revolutionary
movement admit to have contributed towards the final cataclysm, is a
question on which official history has thrown but little light.
According to the authorized version of the story--as related, for
example, in Lord Morley's work on the Encyclopædists--the plan of
translating Ephraim Chambers's _Cyclopædia_, which had appeared in 1728,
was suggested to Diderot "some fifteen years later" by a French
bookseller named Le Breton. Diderot's "fertile and energetic
intelligence transformed the scheme.... It was resolved to make
Chambers's work a mere starting-point for a new enterprise of far wider
scope." We then go on to read of the financial difficulties that now
beset the publisher, of the embarrassment of Diderot, who "felt himself
unequal to the task of arranging and supervising every department of a
new book that was to include the whole circle of the sciences," of the
fortunate enlisting of d'Alembert as a collaborator, and later of men
belonging to all kinds of professions, "all united in a work that was as
useful as it was laborious, without any view of interest ... without any
common understanding and agreement," further, of the cruel persecutions
encountered at the hands of the Jesuits, "who had expected at least to
have control of the articles on theology," and finally of the tyrannical
suppression of the great work on account of the anti-Christian
tendencies these same articles displayed.[418]
Now for a further light on the matter.
In the famous speech of the Chevalier Ramsay already quoted, which was
delivered at Grand Lodge of Paris in 1737, the following passage occurs:
The fourth quality required in our Order is the taste for useful
sciences and the liberal arts. Thus, the Order exacts of each of
you to contribute, by his protection, liberality, or labour, to a
vast work for which no academy can suffice, because all these
societies being composed of a very small number of men, their work
cannot embrace an object so extended. All the Grand Masters in
Germany, England, Italy, and elsewhere exhort all the learned men
and all the artisans of the Fraternity to unite to furnish the
materials for a Universal Dictionary of all the liberal arts and
useful sciences; excepting only theology and politics. The work has
already been commenced in London, and by means of the unions of our
brothers it may be carried to a conclusion in a few years.[419]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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